Unit 15 We’re trying to save the manatees
知識網絡建構
1. 定語從句中先行詞只用that不用which的情況
1)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時。
【例】 （1）i am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
我肯定她那兒有你要借的東西。
（2）he saw much that was bad.
他看到太多不好的事情。
（3）everything (that) we saw was of great interest to us.
我們對看到的所有東西都很感興趣。
2)先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾時。
【例】 i’ve read all the books that you gave me.
我把你給我的書都看了。
3）先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
【例】 （1）this is the best novel that i have ever read.
這是我看過的最好的一本小說。
（2）this is the first composition that he has written in english.
這是他用英語寫的第一篇作文。
4） 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。
【例】 （1）that’s not the only thing (that) we’re missing.
我們不止丟了這一樣東西。
（2）the last place that we visited was the museum.
我們參觀的最后一個地方是博物館。
5）當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用that而不用which或who引導。
【例】he talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
他談起了拜訪的老師和參觀的學校。
6）當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句要用that。
【例】 who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在門口的那個人是誰？
2.定語從句的翻譯
1）提取主句，認真翻譯。“尋找”主句的一般方法是去掉句子中帶“的”結構的部分，提取出句子的主干，即“主謂賓”“關系表”或“主謂”等結構。
2）斟酌關系詞，譯出“的”字結構。漢語中“……的”是定語從句的基本特點，關系詞的選擇要看主句中的先行詞。如先行詞指人，就要用who, whom或that等；先行詞指物，就要用 which,
that, when或where等。所以翻譯定語從句時，要先回頭看先行詞，然后再運用適當的關系詞。
3）確定定語從句位置，譯出完整句子。如果沒有特殊情況，定語從句往往是緊挨著放在先行詞之后。
總之，翻譯定語從句時，既要符合英語習慣，又須保持上下文的意思連貫。
3. 定語從句
關系代詞 例 句
that在從句中作主語或賓語 指物 (1)a plane is a machine that can fly. (作主語)
(2)the noodles (that) i cooked were delicious. (作賓語)
指人 (1)who is the man that is reading the book over there? (作主語)
(2) the girl (that) we saw yesterday is jim’s sister. (作賓語)
which
在從句中作主語或賓語 指物 (1)they planted the trees which didn’t need much water. (作主語)
(2)the fish (which) we bought were not fresh. (作賓語)
who, whom在從句中分別作主語和賓語 指人 (1)the foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from canada. (作主語)
(2)the boy who broke the window is called tom. (作主語)