2018屆中考英語冠詞語法復(fù)習(xí)
二、 冠詞(一) 知識概要
冠詞在英語中只有3個(gè)詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an，定冠詞the。 a用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。
(二) 正誤辨析
［誤］this building is an university.
［正］this building is a university.
［析］a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是［j］，所以用a而不要用an。又如：there is a “n” in the word.是錯句，應(yīng)為：there is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。例如：
i need an hour to finish the work.
it is a useful dictionary.
it is a european country.
i bought a used car.
［誤］i need a umbrella because it looks like raining.
［正］i need an umbrella because it looks like raining.
［析］因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an english teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。
［誤］“can you help me” “sorry, i'm in hurry.”
［正］“can you help me” “sorry. i'm in a hurry.”
［析］不定冠詞的主要用法如下：
1. 用來表示一類人或事物，如：she is a teacher.
2. 指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，如：an elephant is bigger than a horse.
3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：a man is waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 相當(dāng)于“one”的概念，如：i just bought a new dictionary.
5. 其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：
如：have a walk/a rest /a look
又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙
make a face 作鬼臉
do somebody a favour 幫某人忙
a number of =many
又如：have a good time (玩得好)
have a cold (感冒)
have a headache (頭痛)
have a break=have a rest
［誤］i bought the dictionary yesterday. a dictionary is very good.
［正］i bought a dictionary yesterday. the dictionary is very good.
［析］在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。
［誤］please turn off lights before you leave.
［正］please turn off the lights before you leave.
［析］雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。
［誤］there are nine planets around a sun.
［正］there are nine planets around the sun.
［析］世上獨(dú)一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.
［誤］i live on a second floor of this building.
［正］i live on the second floor of this building.
［析］在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。如：he is the oldest in the family.
［誤］i want to learn the second language this term.
［正］i want to learn a second language this term.
［析］在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用a，本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語。