Unit 2 Getting Along

unit 2 getting along

一. 本周教學內容：

       unit 2 getting along. lesson 1

二. 重點、難點：

       單詞：

語音：

語法：直接引語與間接引語的轉換：

一、如何變人稱：

學生在將直接引語變間接引語時。常常弄不清人稱變化。下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：

she said. “my brother wants to go with me.” →she said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：

he said to kate. “how is your sister now?”→ he asked kate how her sister was then。

“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：

mr. smith said。 “jack is a good worker。”→ mr. smith said jack was a good worker。

二、如何變時態：

直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態需要做相應的調整。

現在時它需改為過去時態；過去時態改為完成時；過去完成時則保留原來的時態。如：

1)she said. “i have lost a pen.”→ she said she had lost a pen

2)she said. “we hope so.”→ she said they hoped so.

3) she said. “he will go to see his friend。”→she said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時，時態一般不變化。

①直接引語是客觀真理。

“the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.

→the teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②直接引語是過去進行時，時態不變。如：

jack said. “john, where were you going when i met you in the street?”

→jack asked john where he was going when he met him in the street。

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。如：

xiao wang said. “i was born on april 2l, 1980.”

→xiao wang said he was born on april 20, 1980。

④直接引語如果是一般現在時。表示一種反復出現或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態不變。如：

he said, “i get up at six every morning。” →he said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如：

peter said. “you had better come here today.” →peter said i had better go there that day。

三、如何變狀語：

直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內在規律，時間狀語由“現在”改為“原來”（例：now變為then, yesterday。變為 the day before）地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this 改為that）,如：