Unit 6 By the time I got outside , the bus had already left（通用4篇）
Unit 6 By the time I got outside , the bus had already left 篇1
unit 10 by the time i got outside,the bus had already left.ⅰ. learning objectives 教學(xué)目標(biāo)skill focus▲narrate past events▲learn past perfect tense▲write and talk about a joke in the past▲learn to classify words into nouns, verbs and adjectives
languagefocus功能句式narrate past events（p76）by the time i got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.by the time i got to the cinema, the movie had already begun. when i got to school, i realized i had left my backpack at home.詞匯1.重點(diǎn)詞匯rush, lock, empty, describe, farmer, marry2.認(rèn)讀詞匯gotten, oversleep, ring, fool, costume, embarassed, announce, mars, convince, authority, relative, broke, exhausted, reveal, april fool’s day, panic, girlfriend, embarrassing, hoax, fled, spaghetti, thrill, ending, orson wells3. 詞組go off, run off, on time, give sb. a ride, break down, show up, set off, get married, a piece of語(yǔ)法past perfect tense: by the time i got outside, the bus had already left.strategyfocus1. sequencing2. classifyingculture focuspunctuality.learn about april fool’s day.ⅱ.teaching materials analyzing and rearranging 教材分析和重組1.教材分析本單元以“bad days”為話題,共設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容：section a 該部分有4個(gè)模塊：第一模塊以討論有關(guān)“morning”的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題(1a)引入單元話題，通過(guò)聽(tīng)力練習(xí)（1b）和對(duì)話練習(xí)（1c）讓學(xué)生掌握一個(gè)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句型；第二模塊繼續(xù)就第一模塊的聽(tīng)力材料進(jìn)行內(nèi)容和時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)（2a-2b）以及口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練（2c）；第三模塊以一個(gè)“hurried morning”的故事展開(kāi)訓(xùn)練，訓(xùn)練形式為閱讀排序（3a）和回答問(wèn)題（3b）以及口語(yǔ)練習(xí)（3c）。section b該部分有4個(gè)模塊：第一模塊是詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)（1a）與運(yùn)用（1b）；第二模塊圍繞“april fool’s day”繼續(xù)對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力（2a-2b）和口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練（2c）；第三模塊繼續(xù)圍繞三個(gè)“stories”展開(kāi)閱讀（3a）和寫(xiě)作（3b-3c）訓(xùn)練；第四模塊就“tell a funny story”展開(kāi)小組活動(dòng)，進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練（4）。self check該部分有3個(gè)模塊：第一模塊以填空形式對(duì)所學(xué)詞匯進(jìn)行自我測(cè)試(1)；第二模塊就“ming’s day”進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作練習(xí)(2);第三個(gè)模塊以“circle”的形式判斷詞匯類(lèi)型(3)。2.教材重組和課時(shí)分配period 1 (section a: 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c)new function presenting period 2 (section a: 3a, 3b, 3c; section b: 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c) practiceperiod 3 (section b: 3a, 3b, 3c, 4)reading and writingperiod 4 (self check: 1, 2, 3) integrating skillsiii. teaching plans for each periodstep i revision and lead-inask two or more ss to show their work.t: in the last unit, you were asked to write a passage about how to protect the environment using present perfect tense, such as have done / have been ... since / for ... now who’d like to display your project to the class? a sample version: as we all know, the environment is very important to us. we students should do our best to keep the world clean. i have never spat since two years ago. i often pick up some rubbish on the ground. and i have always put rubbish in a plastic bag since one year ago. i have collected things like bottles, plastic lunch boxes for 6 months. i have also tried to recycle some things, but it is really a hard job. anyway, i think i have made some contributions to the protection of our environment.t: you have done a good job. there is a chinese saying: 一日之際在于晨。in english, there is a similar saying: your morning thoughts may determine your conduct for the day. these sayings tell us about the importance of morning. that is to say, a well-organized morning will be followed by a good day. and if you get up late or oversleep, you may have a bad day. don’t you agree?ss: i agree. but it’s really difficult to get up early.t: what time do you usually get up in the morning? s1: i usually get up at six.t: that’s very early. when did you get up this morning?s1: i got up at half past six.t: oh! what happened?s1: my bother got in the shower. t: ok. by the time you got up, your brother had already gotten in the shower, right?write this sentence on the blackboard. by the time you got up, your brother had already gotten in the shower.t: what else happened? s1: my mother cooked in the kitchen.t: ok. by the time you got up, your mother had already cooked in the kitchen. write this sentence on the blackboard. by the time you got up, your mother had already cooked in the kitchen.t: what did you find when you got up this morning, s2?s2: my father had left home.t: so by the time you got up, your father had already left home.write the sentence on the blackboard.by the time you got up, your father had already left home.t: look at the three sentences on the blackboard. they contain the structure we are going to learn today — past perfect tense structure. now will you give some sentences by using this structure? s: by the time i got to the cinema, the film had already begun.by the time i got to the bus station, the bus had already left.when i finally arrived there, she had already gone....t: good. you really did a great job. next, you’ll listen to tina telling her story in the morning. but before that, let’s look at the pictures on page 76. what can you see in the pictures?s1: i can see a girl getting up. i think she gets up later than usual because she looks worried.t: very good. what else can you see?s2: someone is taking a shower in the bathroom, so she has to wait.t: what else?s3: by the time she got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.t: very good. i am very glad that you used the structure we just learnt. thank you for your wonderful work.step ii listening listen to the tape and finish 1b.t: now let’s listen to the tape and see what happened to tina. i will play it twice. for the first time, try to get a general idea of her story. and for the second time, complete the sentences. play the tape and give the ss 2 minutes to finish the task. then check the answers.step iii pairwork (1c: p76)t: we heard tina telling us her story this morning. as we know, different people may have different mornings. then what about yours? pretend you are tina in the picture. look at the pictures above and tell your partners what happened to you this morning. first, who’d like to read the example in the box?ask two ss to read the example in 1c on page 76 first.t: now work in pairs. tell your partner what happened to you this morning. move around the classroom and check their work. offer language help if needed.after a few minutes.t: now who’d like to share your stories with us? sample dialogue 1:s1: what happened this morning?s2: i overslept. and by the time i got up, my brother had already finished his breakfast.sample dialogue 2:s3: what happened to you this morning?s4: well, i got up late. by the time i finished my breakfast, my mother had left home.step iv listening (2a, 2b, 2c: p77)t: from 1b and 1c we know that tina overslept and she could not take a shower on time. by the time she got up, her brother had already gotten in the shower. what do you think will happen after that?s1: i think she will have breakfast late.t: i think so too. what about you?s2: i think she will miss the bus.t: that’s really terrible. and what’s your idea?s3: i think she will be late for school and her teacher will be angry....t: well done. as we know, tina’s getting up late brought her a lot of trouble. we’d better get up early, so that we can get to school on time. now let’s listen to another material about tina and see what happened later. before we do this, let’s look at the pictures on page 77 first. what can you see in the pictures?s1: i can see tina is looking for her keys.s2: i can see she is rushing to school. i think she will be late.s3. by the time she got to school, class had already begun.t: now listen and find out what happened to tina. for the first time, just listen and get a general idea.play the recording for the first time.t: listen again and number the pictures in the correct order.play the recording for the second time.t: lisa, what’s your order?...check the answers.t: you’ll listen to the conversation again. this time fill in the blanks in 2b with the correct verb forms.play the recording again. after the ss fill the blanks, check the answers.t: after listening, we know that the teacher had already started teaching by the time tina walked into class. now make up an ending for the story and share it with the class. tell what happened to tina when she entered the classroom. sample endings: 1. when tina walked into class, the class had already begun. the teacher looked at tina and asked why she was late. her face turned red and told the teacher that she got up late and missed the bus and she had to walk to school. the teacher told her to get up earlier and never to be late again. 2. when tina rushed into class, the teacher had already started teaching. the teacher looked at tina and asked why she got to school late. she told her teacher that the traffic was heavy and it took her a long time to get to school. the teacher looked at her and said, “i believe you are a good and honest student.” tina’s face turned red and she realized she was wrong and told the truth to her teacher.step v grammar focus (p77)t: look at the grammar focus box on page 77. now who’d like to read the sentences to the class?ask a student to read the sentences in the box.t: well done. now we know that when we talk about things that happened before past events, we often use past perfect tense. well, do you know the differences between present perfect tense and past perfect tense?show the following to the ss.(1) she has taught english for 6 years.(2) “where is susan” “she has gone to america”.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這動(dòng)作可能剛剛停止,也可能還在進(jìn)行。(1) she said she had taught english for 6 years.(2) by the time i got to london, she had gone to america.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 point out the differences between the sentences above.t: from the above examples, we can see the differences between present perfect tense and past perfect tens. so we can reach the following conclusion:show the following to the ss.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 主語(yǔ) + have / has done過(guò)去完成時(shí): 主語(yǔ) + had donet: now read the following examples aloud. and observe how past perfect tense is used in them. and then translate them into chinese.show the following to the ss and ask them to read aloud.1. by the time she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home.2. by the time i woke up, my father had already been into the bathroom.3. when she got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.4. when the doctor arrived, the patient had died.t: who’d like to translate them into chinese? volunteer?s: 1. 她到學(xué)校以后才意識(shí)到把背包落在家里了。2. 我早上醒來(lái)的時(shí)候爸爸就已經(jīng)在浴室洗澡了。3. 當(dāng)她趕到車(chē)站的時(shí)候，車(chē)已經(jīng)走了。4. 當(dāng)醫(yī)生趕到的時(shí)候，病人已經(jīng)死了。t: good translations. now look at the following sentences on the screen. can you put them into english?show the following sentences on the screen.1. 到那時(shí)，他已經(jīng)交了一些朋友。2. 到那時(shí)她已完成了那項(xiàng)任務(wù)。3. 在我見(jiàn)到她以前,她認(rèn)識(shí)我哥哥已經(jīng)兩年了。4. 我到火車(chē)站時(shí)，火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)了。sample answers:1. by that time, he had already made some friends.2. by that time, she had already finished the job.3. she had known my brother for two years before i met her.4. when i got to the railway station, the train had already left.step vi homework
Unit 6 By the time I got outside , the bus had already left 篇2
初四英語(yǔ)教案unit 6 by the time i got outside , the bus had already left.授課內(nèi)容section b1a-2c備課時(shí)間主備人簽字課型new上課時(shí)間.授課人no.i learning aims1. learn the new words of this unit from“costume”to “a piece of ”.2. master the important language points in this part. what happened to dave on april fool’s day? embarrawwed, show up, stay up , go off, a costume partry,so--- that, announce, flee from, no more ,stop from doing set off invite sb. to do 3. master the past present perfect. ii important aims:aims 1-3iii difficult aims:aim3iv . teaching stepsstep 1 first, let the students read the words by themselves, then let some good students read them. then the teacher gives out the correct pronunciation. then several minutes for the students to write to see if they have remembered the words.step 2 listening :p44 2a, 2b first , let the students say out the answers, then give out the correct answers by the teacher.step 3 p45 3a give the ss several minutes to go through the passage first, then ask some students to translate the sentences into chinese. if they have any problem, let the ss discuss in groups. the teacher can explain the following language points.1. get dressed“穿衣”dress sb. \ oneselt“給---穿衣，打扮”。 get \ be dressed in +衣服或表顏色的詞，意為“穿著---- 的衣服”, dress+副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，意為“穿著----”eg: she dressed her baby every morning . get up and dress in white.2. in 1938, a radio program by actor orson welles announced that aliens from mar had landed on the earth.1)land“陸地” “地皮，地產(chǎn)”eg: this is my native land. the spaceship landed on the moon safely . the pilot landed the plane safely. 2)earth“地面，地球，土地； 土壤”the earth 是“地球”eg: we live on the earth.the spaceship returned to the earth.3. welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story , and panic set off across the whole country. across 與throughacross 是個(gè)介詞，“橫過(guò)；穿過(guò)”through是“穿過(guò)； 從---- 中通過(guò)”eg: please don’t go across the street because it is very busy. i’d like to trek through the jungle .4. he asked her to marry him. marry 在大多數(shù)情況下是及物動(dòng)詞， 在有副詞修飾時(shí)可作不及物動(dòng)詞。“和某人結(jié)婚”不能用with,而用to .也可以什么介詞都不用，但要注意句型的搭配。eg: when did she get married? she married very early. she married a doctor. they have been married for ten years.5. however, when she said “yes” , he replied“april fool!”在一些疑問(wèn)句的后面加上ever,表示“無(wú)論---； 不管---”常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于no matter+相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞。however=no matter how, wherever= no matter where , whatever= no matter what, whenever= no matter when.eg: she always goes swimming, however cold it is. wherever he may be, he will be happy. i will go with you, ________ i’m busy. a. whatever b. whenever c. wherever d. howeverthen read the 3a passage on p45 , over and over again. let the students master the important phrases and sentences.step4 class exercises(配套練習(xí)冊(cè)p73i, p77 iv.viii summing up________________________________iv homework_________________________________v notes for teaching_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________二次備課二次備課
Unit 6 By the time I got outside , the bus had already left 篇3
一.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)（language goal）
1.learn to narrate past events.學(xué)會(huì)描述過(guò)去所發(fā)生的事情。
2.learn to express something with past perfect tense. 學(xué)習(xí)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
3.strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly.做事加強(qiáng)連續(xù)性，有條不紊。
二.語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)（language structures）
1.past perfect tense 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
2.“by the time”和“when”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
三.目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言（target language）
1.by the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
2.by the time she went outside, the bus had already gone
3.by the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching.
4.when she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home
5.have you ever overslept?
6.have you ever been late for school?
四.重點(diǎn)詞組（key phrases）
1.by the time 到…時(shí)候?yàn)橹?/p>
2.get outside 到外邊
3.get to school 到學(xué)校
4.get up 起床
5.get into the shower 去洗澡
6.get home 到家
7.start doing / to do sth 開(kāi)始做某事
8.be late for 遲到
9.go off （鬧鐘）鬧響
10.wake up 醒來(lái)
11.come out 出來(lái)，出現(xiàn)
12.run off 迅速離開(kāi)，跑掉
13.on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
14.in time 及時(shí)
15.come by （走）過(guò)來(lái)
16.give sb a ride 讓某人搭車(chē)
17.break down 損壞，壞掉
18.show up 出席，露面
19.stay up 熬夜
20.a costume party 一個(gè)化裝舞會(huì)
21.sth happen to sb 某事發(fā)生在某人身上
22.so …that … 如此…以至于
23.set off 出發(fā)，開(kāi)始
24.april fool's day 愚人節(jié)
25.get married 結(jié)婚
26.marry sb 與某人結(jié)婚
27.both …and … 二者…都…
28.get dressed 穿好衣服
29.on the first day 在第一天
五.語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)（grammar focus）
1.past perfect tense 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
構(gòu)成：had＋過(guò)去分詞（had沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化）
過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。也就是說(shuō)發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。既然過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前，那么，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)就必須先有這樣一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間。
eg.i had finished my homework before supper.
我在晚飯前把作業(yè)做完了。
句中的supper既是過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，而had finished 這一動(dòng)作就是在supper 之前完成的。如果只說(shuō)i had finished my homework.聽(tīng)者會(huì)覺(jué)得難以理解。由此可見(jiàn)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)是個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去的時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。
eg.by the end of that year henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps.
到那年年底，亨利已經(jīng)收集了一千多張外國(guó)郵票。（過(guò)去時(shí)間是the end of that year）
eg.when we got there, the football match had already started.
當(dāng)我們到那里時(shí)，足球比賽已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。（過(guò)去時(shí)間是when從句）
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成與一般過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成相似，一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加－ed，特殊動(dòng)詞須特殊記憶，如：have—had—had，get—got—gotten，begin—began—begun，leave—left—left，go—went—gone等。例如：
she had learnt english words by the end of last month.
到上個(gè)月末，她已經(jīng)學(xué)了XX個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞了。
i hadn't learnt japanese before i went to japan.
我去日本之前沒(méi)學(xué)過(guò)日語(yǔ)。
注意：過(guò)去完成時(shí)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句直接通過(guò)had的變化即可。
2.when 和by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
by the time 到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗笍倪^(guò)去某一點(diǎn)到，從句所示的時(shí)間為止，這一時(shí)間段。when當(dāng)……時(shí)候，指過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
eg.by the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
到她起床的時(shí)候，她的弟弟已經(jīng)去洗澡間了。
by the time she went outside, the bus had already gone
到她走到外面的時(shí)候，公共汽車(chē)已經(jīng)走了。
when she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home
當(dāng)她到學(xué)校的時(shí)候，她意識(shí)到她把書(shū)包放在家里了。
（在這句話中，過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)為“到校”的時(shí)候，“她把書(shū)包放在家里”則發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。）
3.how to narrate past events.如何描述過(guò)去的事件
描述過(guò)去的事件，首要注意一點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)。由于事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。但如果是直接引語(yǔ)（如在雙引號(hào)之內(nèi)），則根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的情況來(lái)決定。
表示過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)有：
（1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
（2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)：was / were ＋現(xiàn)在分詞
（3）過(guò)去完成時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)：had＋過(guò)去分詞
（4）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)：would＋動(dòng)詞原形
請(qǐng)看例文1：
it was sunday.i went to a pool to fish.i thought there must be some fish for me to catch.i held my fishing pole, waiting patiently.suddently a big fish was caught.i was glad and put it into my little basket.before long my sister camewithout a word she put back the fish into the water.i was astonished.i really thought she became mad.she ordered me to put down the fishing pole and led me to a place not far away.there stood a sign, reading”no fishing”.i realized that i was making a mistake
（注意觀察文中時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用）
例2：請(qǐng)大聲朗讀section a 3a，并找出其中用到的時(shí)態(tài)。
六.疑難解析（key points）
1.get to 意為“到達(dá)”。例如：
when did you get there last night?
你昨晚什么時(shí)候到那兒的？
i get home at 7:00 every day.
我每天7:00到家。
when i got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
我到電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。
辨析：get, arrive與reach
這三個(gè)詞都可以用來(lái)表示“到達(dá)”，但是用法不同。
（1）get和arrive都是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后只能跟表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，若是跟名詞則須再加介詞，即get to ＋地點(diǎn)名詞，arrive in / at ＋地點(diǎn)名詞（in 之后跟表示大地方的詞，at之后跟表示小地方的詞）。若是只說(shuō)“到達(dá)”，而不指出到達(dá)哪里，則只能用arrive。例如：
how did you get / arrive there?
你怎么到那兒的？
i got to / arrived in beijing the day before yesterday.
我前天到的北京。
when do you often get to / arrive at school?
你經(jīng)常什么時(shí)候到校？
when will you arrive?
你什么時(shí)候到？
（2）reach為及物動(dòng)詞，其后既可跟名詞也可跟副詞。例如：
i reached beijing the day before yesterday.
我前天到的北京。
we reached here on foot.
我們步行到這兒的。
2.關(guān)于get的詞組小結(jié)
在本單元出現(xiàn)大量關(guān)于get的詞組，要注意背誦：
get to school 到學(xué)校
get into the shower 去洗澡
get outside 到外邊
get home 到家
get up 起床
get married 結(jié)婚
get dressed 穿好衣服
get to class 到班級(jí)
get bored 變得無(wú)聊
get tired 變得疲勞
3.i've never been late for school, but yesterday i came very close
我上學(xué)從未遲到過(guò)，但是昨天差一點(diǎn)兒就遲到了。
（1）i've 是i have的縮寫(xiě)，have been late是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是指一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)下去，而且對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了一定的影響，其構(gòu)成是have / has＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。例如：
i have been here since 1999.
自1999年以來(lái)我就在這兒。
we have lived in jinan for 20 years.
我們已經(jīng)在濟(jì)南住了20年了。
she hasn't worked for 2 years.
她已2年不工作了。
（2）be late for 意為“……遲到”，for為介詞，所以其后須跟名詞。例如：
don't be late for the meeting.
開(kāi)會(huì)別遲到了。
jim was late for school again.
吉姆上學(xué)又遲到了。
tom has been late for classes twice.
湯姆上課已經(jīng)遲到兩次了。
（3）close在此為副詞“接近地，靠近地”。此外came very close意為“到時(shí)與遲到很接近”。
4.my alarm clock didn't go off, … 鬧鐘沒(méi)有大響……
go off 意為“爆發(fā)，大響”。例如：
although the alarm clock went off, he didn't wake up.雖然鬧鐘大響，但是他還是沒(méi)有醒來(lái)。
與go有關(guān)的詞組還有：
（1）go in for“參加”（競(jìng)賽、考試）；（作為嗜好、工作）“愛(ài)好”。例如：
she goes in for bird－watching.她愛(ài)好賞鳥(niǎo)。
（2）go on“進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)”。例如：
please go on.請(qǐng)繼續(xù)。
（3）go on doing sth 或go on with sth“繼續(xù)做……”。例如：
he went on working without having a rest.
他一直工作，沒(méi)停下來(lái)休息過(guò)。
（4）go over“調(diào)查，視察；越過(guò)”。例如：
you must go over your lessons before the exam.
考試前你必須復(fù)習(xí)。
5.…and i had to wait for him to come out.……我不得不等他出來(lái)。
（1）have to 意為“必須，不得不”。例如：
do you have to take the test?
你必須考試嗎？
tom has to practice speaking chinese every day.
湯姆每天必須練習(xí)講漢語(yǔ)。
辨析：have to 與must
這兩個(gè)詞都可以表示“必須”。have to 更加強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀原因，而must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀原因；含有have to 的句子在作句型轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)須借助于助動(dòng)詞do，does或did，而must本身是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)可以直接通過(guò)must改變。例如：
it is raining, we have to stay at home.
天在下雨，我們不得不待在家里。
we must work hard.
我們必須努力工作。
lucy doesn't have to stand.
露茜不必站著。
you mustn't play in the street.
你不能在街道上玩。
（2）wait 是不及物動(dòng)詞“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于詞組wait for sb.“等某人”，wait to do sth.“等著做某事”，wait for sb to do sth.“等某人做某事”。例如：
who are you waiting for?
你在等誰(shuí)？
they can't wait to open the presents.
他們迫不及待地打開(kāi)禮物。
you can wait for him to help you.
你可以等著他幫你。
6.unfortunately, by the time i got there, the bus had already left.
不幸的是，我到那兒的時(shí)候，公交車(chē)已經(jīng)走了。
unfortunately 是副詞“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前綴“un”構(gòu)成的。英語(yǔ)中有一部分詞在詞首或詞尾加上前綴或后綴就可以變成另外一個(gè)詞。如：lucky（幸運(yùn)的）－unlucky（不幸的），use（用）－useful（有用的），forget（忘記）－forgetful（健忘的），un作前綴表示“not”的含義，即“un”是一個(gè)否定前綴。例如：fit（合適的）－unfit（不合適的），fair （公平的）－unfair（不公平的），known（聞名的）－unknown（不聞名的）等。
7.luckily, my friend tony and his dad came by in his dad's car and they gave me a ride.
幸運(yùn)的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐著他爸爸的車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)，他們讓我搭了個(gè)便車(chē)。
（1）come by 意為“經(jīng)過(guò)，走過(guò)；獲得，獲有”。例如：
please let the car come by.
請(qǐng)讓車(chē)過(guò)去。
good jobs are not easy to come by.
好工作不容易找到。
與come有關(guān)的其他詞組：
<1>come out”出來(lái)；開(kāi)花；出版”。例如：
the moon has come out.
月亮出來(lái)了。
it's too cold for the flowers to come out.
天太冷了，花不開(kāi)了。
<2>come about”發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”。例如：
tell me how the accident came about.
告訴我事情是怎么發(fā)生的。
<3>come across“（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)……，遇見(jiàn)……”。例如：
i came across his name on the list.
我無(wú)意中在名單上發(fā)現(xiàn)他的名字。
<4>come after”繼……之后，接……而來(lái)”。例如：
sunday comes after saturday.
星期天在星期六之后。
<5>come back”回來(lái)”。例如：
when did he come back?
他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)的？
<6>come to oneself”蘇醒，醒過(guò)來(lái)”。例如：
at last, he came to himself.
最后他醒了。
<7>come from”來(lái)自”。例如：
julia comes from australia.
朱莉婭來(lái)自澳大利亞。
（2）give sb a ride 意為“讓某人搭便車(chē)”。ride在此為名詞“搭車(chē)，乘車(chē)”的意思。get a ride 意為“搭便車(chē)”。例如：
can you give me a ride, jack?
杰克，能讓我搭個(gè)便車(chē)嗎？
i want to get a ride.
我想搭個(gè)便車(chē)。
8.i only just made it to my class.我恰好到教室。
make it 意為“成功了，做成了”。這里指的是沒(méi)有遲到，準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。例如：
－h(huán)ave you got the job?
－你得到那份工作了嗎？
－yes, i made it.
－是的，我成功了。
9.have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
你曾忘了把作業(yè)帶到學(xué)校嗎？
（1）辨析：forget to do 與forget doing
forget to do 指的是“忘了去做……”，即該事還未做；而forget doing 則指“忘了做了……”，即該事已經(jīng)做完。例如：
don't forget to turn off lights when you go out.
出去時(shí)別忘了關(guān)燈。
sorry, i forgot to bring the books again.
對(duì)不起，我又忘了帶書(shū)來(lái)了。
lucy forgot locking the door.
露茜忘了已鎖了門(mén)了。
tom forgot turning off tv.
湯姆忘了關(guān)了電視了。
（2）辨析：bring, take
bring 意為“把……拿來(lái)，取來(lái)”。即把某物從別處拿到說(shuō)話者所在地；take 意為“把……拿走，取走”，即把某物從說(shuō)話者所在地拿到別處。例如：
please bring my english book here.
請(qǐng)把我的英語(yǔ)書(shū)拿到這兒來(lái)。
you can't take these magazines home.
你不能把這些雜志拿回家。
10.what happened to david on april fool's day?
愚人節(jié)那天，大衛(wèi)出什么事了嗎？
（1）happen to sb 意為“某人怎么了，發(fā)生在某人身上”。例如：
what happened to you?
你怎么了？
what happened to jim?
吉姆出什么事了？
（2）英語(yǔ)中表示節(jié)日時(shí)須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
<1>表示“在……節(jié)”用介詞on；
<2>表示節(jié)日的每個(gè)詞的首字母大寫(xiě)；
<3>用day來(lái)表示“節(jié)”，且無(wú)冠詞；
<4>一般用復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，如：teachers' day 教師節(jié)，children's day 兒童節(jié)，women's day 婦女節(jié)等；但也有用單數(shù)名詞所有格的，如：mother's day 母親節(jié)，father's day 父親節(jié)等。例如：
do you often go to parks on children's day?
你們兒童節(jié)經(jīng)常去公園嗎？
what do you usually do on new year's day?
新年你們通常干什么？
do your friends play jokes on you on april fool's day?
你的朋友愚人節(jié)跟你開(kāi)玩笑嗎？
11.welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country.
welles 是如此地讓人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了這個(gè)故事，進(jìn)而激起了全國(guó)性的恐慌。
（1）so …that…句型中，so后面應(yīng)加一個(gè)形容詞或副詞，意為“如此……以至于……”
eg.this book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it.
這本書(shū)是如此的有趣以至于全班同學(xué)都想看看。（so＋形容詞）
he ran so fast that i couldn't catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。（so＋副詞）
so…that引導(dǎo)的是表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句，但不“一定要死套”“如此……以至于”的模式來(lái)譯成漢語(yǔ)。
eg.it was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions.
天太黑了，他不能看見(jiàn)同伴的臉。
（2）so that 主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。其從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常和can，may，should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，而且主句和從句之間不使用逗號(hào)，意為“以便，使能夠”。
eg.they set out early so that they might arrive in time
他們?cè)缭绲爻霭l(fā)以便按時(shí)到達(dá)。
let's take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.
我們坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。
（3）set off 意為“出發(fā)，開(kāi)始；引爆；襯托”。例如：
they'll set off on a journey around the world.
他們將要出發(fā)環(huán)球旅行。
use blue eye－shadow to set off your green eyes.
用藍(lán)色眼影襯托你的綠眼睛。
與set有關(guān)的其他詞組：
<1>set about sth.“開(kāi)始，著手”。例如：
i must set about my packing.
我必須開(kāi)始收拾行裝了。
<2>set sb.against sb.“使某人和某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、對(duì)抗”。例如：
set yourself against her.
跟她競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
<3>set in”開(kāi)始”。例如：
the rainy season has set in.
雨季已開(kāi)始了。
<4>set out”出發(fā)，啟程”。set sth out”展示，陳列”。例如：
they set out at dawn.
他們?cè)诜鲿猿霭l(fā)。
he sets out his ideas clearly in his essay.
他在這篇文章中明確地列出了他的觀點(diǎn)。
<5>set up”建立，設(shè)立”。例如：
the memorial will be set up.
紀(jì)念碑要建成了。
12.…because the spaghetti farmers in italy had stopped growing spaghetti.
……因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)意大利面條的農(nóng)民停止了生產(chǎn)。
辨析：stop doing 與stop to do
stop doing 指的是“停止做”，即不做了；而stop to do 則是指“停下來(lái)去做”，即停下來(lái)的目的是去做，也就是開(kāi)始做。例如：
stop talking, let's begin our class.
不要講話了，我們開(kāi)始上課。
you are too fat and you must stop eating too much.
你太胖了，你不能吃那么多了。
please stop to listen to me
請(qǐng)停下來(lái)聽(tīng)我說(shuō)。
the mother stopped to look after her baby.
那位母親停下來(lái)去照顧她的小寶寶。
13.she was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married.
她震驚了，因?yàn)樗拇_想結(jié)婚。
（1）thrill為動(dòng)詞“震顫，使激動(dòng)”，多用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be thrilled，表示“很感動(dòng)，受到震顫的”。例如：
we were thrilled with joy.
我們高興極了。
she thrilled at the good news.
她聽(tīng)到那個(gè)好消息很興奮。
（2）want在此為動(dòng)詞“想，想要”，其后可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式to do。例如：
do you want an ice－cream?
你想要個(gè)冰激凌嗎？
i want some bread and milk.
我想要些面包和牛奶。
tom wants to learn to play chinese chess.
湯姆想學(xué)下中國(guó)象棋。
does lucy wants to learn to dance?
露茜想學(xué)跳舞嗎？
（3）marry為動(dòng)詞“嫁，娶，結(jié)婚”。表示“嫁給某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marry sb。
另外，詞組get married 意為“結(jié)婚”，但這是一個(gè)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，即它不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。be married 也可以用來(lái)表示“結(jié)婚”，它是一個(gè)延續(xù)性詞組，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。例如：
john is going to marry jane
約翰要和簡(jiǎn)結(jié)婚了。
henry didn't marry until he was over fifty.
亨利直到過(guò)了50歲才結(jié)婚。
when are you going to get married?
你準(zhǔn)備什么時(shí)候結(jié)婚？
we have been married for ten years.
我們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚十年了。
his uncle will get married next month.
他叔叔下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。
14.are there any english words than chinese people use when they speak to each other?
有中國(guó)人互相交談時(shí)用的英語(yǔ)單詞嗎？
辨析：speak, talk, say, tell
（1）這四個(gè)詞都有“說(shuō)”的意思。
（2）speak一般指“說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言”，即其后的賓語(yǔ)只能是表示語(yǔ)言的詞。例如：
can you speak french?
你會(huì)講法語(yǔ)嗎？
what language do they speak?
他們講哪種語(yǔ)言？
（3）talk一般指“談?wù)摗保旧頌椴患拔飫?dòng)詞，可以用于詞組talk about sth with sb.
“與某人談?wù)撃呈隆保部捎糜趖alk to sb.“跟某人說(shuō)話”。例如：
what are you talking about?
你們?cè)谟懻撌裁矗?/p>
who were you talking with just now?
你剛才在跟誰(shuí)說(shuō)話？
i want to talk about english study with you.
我想跟你討論一下英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的事。
（4）say為及物動(dòng)詞“說(shuō)”，其后一般須指出說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。例如：
what did you say?
你說(shuō)什么？
it says”no parking”.上面寫(xiě)著“不許停車(chē)”。
she'd like to say goodbye to us.
她想來(lái)跟我們道別。
（5）tell“告訴”，為及物動(dòng)詞，其后須跟雙賓語(yǔ)，即用于tell sth.to sb.或tell sb.sth.“告訴某人某事”。例如：
can you tell me a story?
你能給我講個(gè)故事嗎？
who told you the news?
誰(shuí)告訴你這個(gè)消息的？
15.today one in four people, or a quarter of the world's population uses english, …
當(dāng)今四個(gè)人中得有一個(gè)人，或者說(shuō)世界上四分之一
Unit 6 By the time I got outside , the bus had already left 篇4
unit 10 by the time i got outside, the bus had already left.
一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
unit 10 by the time i got outside, the bus had already left.
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1. 通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，掌握過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法，特別是與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別。
2. 合理安排自己的學(xué)習(xí)和生活，守時(shí)守信。
二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：
過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法及本模塊中的一些重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
三、重點(diǎn)詞和短語(yǔ)
1. by the time 到……時(shí)候
2. get dressed 穿衣服
3. run all the way to school 一路跑向?qū)W校
4. leave +物+地點(diǎn) 把某物落在某地
【即學(xué)即用】
he his umbrella in the train.
a. leave b. left c. forgot d. forget
5. no wonder 難怪
6. run back to school 跑回學(xué)校
7. start doing / to do 開(kāi)始做某事
8. go off 發(fā)出響聲
【即學(xué)即用】
in the morning, i didn’t hear my alarm clock .
a. going off b. went off c. go off d. to go off
9. wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
10. run off / away 跑掉 離開(kāi)
11. unfortunately 不幸地
luckily 幸運(yùn)地
【即學(xué)即用】
, he didn’t pass the english exam again.
a. luckily b. fortunately c. unfortunately d. unfortunate
12. on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
in time 及時(shí)
【即學(xué)即用】
people to the meeting all arrived here .
a. in time b. on time c. after time d. for time
13. give sb a ride 讓某人搭便車(chē)
【即學(xué)即用】
he walked me and asked where i was going and told me that they offered to .
a. by; give me a ride b. off; give me rides
c. by; give me some feet d. through; give me a walking make it
14. break down 出故障
【即學(xué)即用】
my bike on my way to school, so i had to walk there.
a. broke out b. broke in c. broke down d. broke away
15. show up 出席；露面
【即學(xué)即用】
he didn’t until supper was nearly over.
a. show off b. show up c. show round d. show in
16. stay up late 熬夜到很晚
stay up all night studying 熬夜學(xué)習(xí)
17. costume party 化妝舞會(huì)
18. happen to sb 某人發(fā)生了什么事
happen to do 碰巧做某事
19. set off 激起
set off=set out 出發(fā)/起程
【即學(xué)即用】
his action a heated argument.
a. set out b. set up c. set off d. set free
20. across the whole country 遍及整個(gè)城市
21. thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)
22. flee-fled-fled 逃離
flee from + 地點(diǎn) 從某地逃離
flee away 逃離/逃跑
23. sell out 賣(mài)光
24. marry sb=get/be married to sb 和某人結(jié)婚
四、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)及疑點(diǎn)注釋
1. i started walking, but i knew i couldn’t get to school on time. 我開(kāi)始步行，但我知道我已經(jīng)不能按時(shí)到達(dá)學(xué)校了。（section a, 3a）
(1)start to do sth.和start doing sth都表示“開(kāi)始做某事”，常可相互替換。
at the age of 12, he started writing his own newspaper.
= at the age of 12, he started to write his own newspaper.
他十二歲時(shí)，開(kāi)始編寫(xiě)自己的報(bào)紙。
(2)on time在本句中意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按規(guī)定的時(shí)間不早也不遲”。
li ming’s father seldom goes work on time. 李明的父親很少準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班。
the party began on time that evening. 晚會(huì)在那天晚上準(zhǔn)時(shí)舉行。
知識(shí)拓展：
time表示“……次/倍”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為times。
how many times did you see the movie? 那部電影你看了幾遍？
i have four times as many books as you.我的書(shū)是你的4倍。
特別提示：
in time意為“及時(shí)”。
i will try my best to finish it in time. 我會(huì)盡力及時(shí)完成。
will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed?
你來(lái)得及在孩子們上床睡覺(jué)之前趕回家看看他們嗎？
短語(yǔ)鏈接：
all the time始終、總是, at any time在任何時(shí)候, at the same time同時(shí), from time to time偶爾, have a good/bad time過(guò)得快樂(lè)/不快樂(lè), in no time立刻, many a time屢次, at times有時(shí), take one’s time慢慢來(lái)/別著急, the times《泰晤士報(bào)》（英國(guó)一大報(bào)）, two times three 2乘以3
2. when i got to school, the final bell was ringing. i only just made it to my class. 我到學(xué)校的時(shí)候，上課鈴正在響。我剛好正點(diǎn)趕到教室上課。（section a, 3a）
(1) final bell在此處作“上課鈴”解，有時(shí)也寫(xiě)為second bell，而“預(yù)備鈴”則表示為first bell。
(2) made it在這里表示“到達(dá)、趕上”的意思。
you can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一點(diǎn)的話，就會(huì)按時(shí)趕到的。
3. welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country. welles的話是如此具有說(shuō)服力，以至于成百上千人相信了他的話，全國(guó)處于一片恐慌之中。（section b, 3a）
(1)so...that在這里引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如此……以至于……”，so強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞或副詞，that后面接從句，常用于下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中：
例如：
the computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one.
計(jì)算機(jī)太有用了，我們每個(gè)人都想買(mǎi)一臺(tái)。
he ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快，我們追不上他。
he had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last.
他摔了很多跤，終于學(xué)會(huì)了騎車(chē)。
there’s so much noise in the meeting room that i can’t hear the speaker clearly.
會(huì)議室里的噪音太大，我聽(tīng)不清演講者的發(fā)言。
知識(shí)拓展：
so...that句型轉(zhuǎn)換的四種方法：
◎當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)一致，且that從句是否定式時(shí)，常用too...to...轉(zhuǎn)換。
the little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.
=the little girl was too tired to walk farther.
這個(gè)小女孩太累了，她不能再走更遠(yuǎn)的路了。
◎當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不一致，且that從句是否定式時(shí)，常用too...for sb to do sth轉(zhuǎn)換。
the work is so difficult that we can’t finish it in time.
=the work is too difficult for us to finish it in time.
這份工作太難了，我們不能按時(shí)完成。
◎當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)一致，且that從句是肯定式時(shí)，常用...enough to do sth轉(zhuǎn)換。
he is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
=he is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他強(qiáng)壯得足以舉起那個(gè)重箱子。
◎當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不一致，且that從句是肯定式時(shí)，常用...enough for sb to do sth轉(zhuǎn)換。
he spoke so clearly that i could hear him.
=he spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他說(shuō)得很清楚，我能聽(tīng)明白。
特別提示：
so that連在一起使用，意為“為了，以便”，表示目的，此時(shí)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一定一致；另外，還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，前面一般用逗號(hào)。
speak louder so that we can hear you. 你說(shuō)大聲點(diǎn)兒，以便我們能聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。
she was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了，不能和你一起去了。
相關(guān)鏈接：
such也表示“如此……以至于……”，但such強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞，常用于下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中：
例如：
he is such a little boy that i can’t believe him.
= he is so little a boy that i can’t believe him.
他是如此小的一個(gè)孩子，以至于我不能相信他說(shuō)的話。
it was such bad weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣如此惡劣我們只好呆在家里。
【即學(xué)即用】
⑴—jack, you look tired today. what’s wrong?
—i was busy i didn’t go to bed until midnight yesterday.
a. too; to b. enough; to c. so; that d. such; that
⑵it’s that we had to stay at home all day.
a. such hot weather b. so hot weather c. such a hot weather d. so hot a weather
（2）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)set off在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。
a letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.
一封家書(shū)激起了一片思鄉(xiāng)之情。
特別提示：
set off在作“出發(fā)、動(dòng)身”解時(shí),與set out意思相同。
it was raining when we set off/out. 我們出發(fā)時(shí),天還下著雨。
4. one april fool’s day, a reporter in england announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in italy had stopped growing spaghetti. 一個(gè)愚人節(jié)，有位英國(guó)記者宣稱(chēng)以后不會(huì)再有意大利式細(xì)面條可以吃了，因?yàn)橐獯罄霓r(nóng)民已經(jīng)停止生產(chǎn)這種細(xì)面條了。（section b, 3a）
there would be是there be的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，意為“過(guò)去將有”。
知識(shí)拓展：
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
the students didn’t know where they would go tomorrow.
同學(xué)們不知道明天要去哪兒。
nobody knew where he would go. 沒(méi)人知道他要去哪里。
◎過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)也常可用“was/were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示。
she said that she was going to speak at the meeting.她說(shuō)她要在大會(huì)上發(fā)言。
li ping said that she was going to visit her aunt in the town the next sunday.
李萍說(shuō)她下個(gè)星期日要去拜訪住在城里的姑姑。
5. she was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. 她很激動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗娴南虢Y(jié)婚。（section b, 3a）
(1)thrilled是形容詞，意為“非常激動(dòng)的、非常興奮的”，常用來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)人的心情。
he was thrilled when he heard the news. 他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)很激動(dòng)。
she was thrilled and shy when she heard “i love you” from her boy friend.
當(dāng)她聽(tīng)到她男朋友說(shuō)“我愛(ài)你”的時(shí)候，她很激動(dòng)也很害羞。
(2)get married是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“結(jié)婚”，表示動(dòng)作；而be married表示狀態(tài)，意為“結(jié)婚了”，這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可以和介詞to連用。
she’s married to my brother. 她嫁給了我哥哥。
they’re saving up to get married. 他們儲(chǔ)錢(qián)準(zhǔn)備結(jié)婚。
魔力糾錯(cuò)：
他和我的一個(gè)朋友結(jié)了婚。
誤：he was married with a friend of mine.
正：he was married to a friend of mine.
魔力解析：
當(dāng)表示“與……結(jié)婚”時(shí)，marry用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后接介詞to，而不能用with。
特別提示
marry是短暫性動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)表示“結(jié)婚多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”時(shí)，要用be married。
lucy married robert two years ago.
= lucy has been married to robert for two years. 露茜和羅伯特結(jié)婚兩年了。
知識(shí)拓展：
◎問(wèn)某人“婚否”時(shí)應(yīng)說(shuō)are you married?或is he married？等；如果“未婚”，可以說(shuō)i’m single.。
◎問(wèn)某人“何時(shí)結(jié)的婚”應(yīng)說(shuō)when were you married?或when did you get married?。
【即學(xué)即用】
⑴—when did you ?
—i’ve for two months.
a. get married; been married b. be married; been married
c. get married; got married d. get married; married
⑵his daughter is going to be married an engineer.
a. with b. for c. to d. /
五、語(yǔ)法：
“過(guò)去完成時(shí)”闖關(guān)
★過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，它是一種相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，即其相對(duì)于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，沒(méi)有一般過(guò)去時(shí)就沒(méi)有過(guò)去完成時(shí)，如圖解：
★過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had（had用于各種人稱(chēng)）+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成
【第1關(guān)】用動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空：
by the time he was ten, he (set) up a lab of his own.
【融會(huì)貫通】表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，可以用by, before, by the end of等介詞短語(yǔ)或by the time引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。應(yīng)填寫(xiě)：had set。
又如：i had seen you before you saw me. 在你看到我之前，我早已看到你了。
【第2關(guān)】用動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空：
he said she (work) in a foreign company for five years before she (become) an english teacher.
【融會(huì)貫通】在賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)（said, asked, told），從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，此時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前。應(yīng)填寫(xiě)：had worked; became。
又如：the teacher asked me what had happened to me.老師問(wèn)我發(fā)生了什么事。
【第3關(guān)】改錯(cuò)：
when we got there, the movie had begun for almost twenty minutes.
【融會(huì)貫通】表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間連用。
注意：此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。所以句中had begun應(yīng)改為had been on。
又如：i had worked for three hours when he called. 當(dāng)他打電話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)工作了三個(gè)小時(shí)了。
【第4關(guān)】用動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空：
paul helped me repair the bike that i (ride) for two years.
【融會(huì)貫通】在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。應(yīng)填寫(xiě)：had ridden。
又如：i returned the books that i had borrowed last week. 我已經(jīng)還了上周借的書(shū)。
【第5關(guān)】用動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空：
i didn’t get to the airport until the plane (take) off.
【融會(huì)貫通】由連詞after, until引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的過(guò)去動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示。應(yīng)填寫(xiě)：had taken。
【第6關(guān)】翻譯填空：
我很快沖了個(gè)澡，吃了點(diǎn)早飯，然后迅速向車(chē)站跑去。
i a quick shower, some breakfast, and then off to the bus stop.(見(jiàn)section a, 3a)
【融會(huì)貫通】區(qū)別過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間，試比較：
by yesterday morning, i had called you ten times. 到昨天上午，我已經(jīng)給你打了十個(gè)電話了。
i called you yesterday morning. 昨天上午我給你打的電話。
2. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作接連發(fā)生時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。應(yīng)填寫(xiě)：took, had, ran。
又如：she took up her schoolbag, locked the door and went to school by bike. 她拿起書(shū)包，鎖上門(mén)，然后騎著自行車(chē)去上學(xué)了。
【闖關(guān)練習(xí)】
i. 下列各句中均有一處錯(cuò)誤，找出并改正。
1. when we got there, the movie had begun for almost ten minutes.
2. he said he has finished his homework already.
3. how long was your father worked in that firm before he came here?
4. by the time you rang me, all my homework had done.
5. i met han mei yesterday. i have never met her since we left school
ii. 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。
1. i thought we (meet) each other before.
2. we (learn) 3,000 words by the end of last year.
3. he told me that he (have) a cold for three days.
4. mr smith (finish) his work, so he left for home.
5. i (receive) a letter from my friend yesterday. we (not hear) from each other since .
參考答案：
i 1.begun →been on 2. has →had 3. was→ had 4. had done→ had been done 5. have →had
ii. 1. had met 2. had learned / learnt 3. had had 4. had finished 5. received; hadn’t heard
中考聚焦：
考點(diǎn)1. make it
—math is difficult for me. how i wish to improve it!
—don’t lose your confidence. i believe you will it if you keep trying.（湖北宜昌）
a. take b. work c. pick d. make
【要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)析】make it意為“做好；做到；做成功”或“及時(shí)到達(dá)”。選 d。
考點(diǎn)2. leave sth. + 地點(diǎn)
this morning i went to work in such a hurry that i the key in my office at home. （山東青島）
a. forgot b. left c. missed d. lost
【要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)析】“l(fā)eave sth. + 地點(diǎn)”表示“把某物忘在某處”。選b。
考點(diǎn)3. stay up
—don’t too late, or you will feel tired in class.
—i won’t, mum. （四川內(nèi)江）
a. stand up b. stay up c. wake up d. get up
【要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)析】stay up 意為“熬夜；不睡覺(jué)”。 stand up意為“起立”； wake up意為“喚醒”；get up意為“起床”；選b。
考點(diǎn)4. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
by the end of last year, we the work. （內(nèi)蒙古烏蘭察布）
a. has finished b. had finished c. have finished d. finish
【要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)析】由介詞短語(yǔ)by the end of last year 可知，該句應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。選b。
考點(diǎn)5. announce
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)單詞：the vote was completed. the teacher （宣布）the result.（江蘇蘇州）
【要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)析】announce是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“宣布；公布；發(fā)布；通告”，其名詞形式為 announcement。應(yīng)填寫(xiě)：announced。
考點(diǎn)6. so… that …
she worked so quietly no one knew she was there. （浙江杭州）
a. which b. after c. as d. that
【要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)析】so… that… 如此……以至……，so后面接形容詞或副詞，that之后接從句。選d。