2024屆中考英語虛擬語氣專題復習(通用2篇)
2023屆中考英語虛擬語氣專題復習 篇1
虛擬語氣是通過特殊的謂語動詞形式來表達的愿望、假設、懷疑、猜測或建議等語氣,它不表示客觀存在。
1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中
(1)表示與現在事實相反的假設,條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式(be動詞的過去式用were)”,而主句中的謂語動詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動詞原形”。如:
if i were a boy, i would join the army.
if the had time, she should go with you.
(2)表示與過去的事實相反,條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時,主句中的謂語動詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞”。如:
if he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
(3)表示與將來事實相反,條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形,而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/could might + 動詞原形。如:
if it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
(4)當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時,動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作相應調整。如:
if they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去,主句指的是現在)
以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時,主句和從句謂語動詞的形式:
條件狀語從句 主句 與過去事實相反 had + 過去分詞 should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞 與現在事實相反 一般過去時(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動詞原形 與將來事實相反
一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形
would/should/cold/might + 動詞原形
有時侯在使用時可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主語”。如:
were i a boy, i would join the army.
had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
were it not for the expense, i would go to britain.
2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句
(1)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運用。
①“wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實現的愿望,譯為“要是……就好了”等。表示現在不能實現的愿望,從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時;表示將來不能實現的愿望,從句中的謂語動詞用“would/could + 動詞原形”;表示過去不能實現的愿望,從句中的謂語動詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。如:
i wish it were spring all the year round.
i wish i had known the answer.
i wish i could fly like a bird.
②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形或是動詞原形。如:
she suggested we (should)leave here at once.
the doctor ordered she should be operated.
(2)虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運用。
作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句,從句中的謂語動詞用“(should) + 動詞原形”。如:
his suggestion that we (should)go to shanghai is wonderful.
my idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
(3)虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運用。
在主語從句中,謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動詞原形”的結構,表示驚奇、不相信、理應如此等。如:
it is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
it was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
it will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意:這種從句表示的是事實。如果說人對這種事實表現出驚奇的情感,就可用虛擬語氣。反之,如果不表示驚奇等情感,that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如:
it is pity that you can’t swim.
3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運用
(1)虛擬語氣在as if/as though、even if/even though等引導的表語從句或狀語從句中,如果從句表示的動作發生在過去,用過去完成時;指現在狀況,則用一般過去時;指將來狀況則用過去將來時。如:
he did it as if he were an expert.
even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
(2)虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。
這種從句常用于句型“it is (high)time (that) … ”中,定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should + 動詞原形,意思是“(現在)該……”。如:
it’s time that i picked up my daughter.
it’s high time we were going.
(3)虛擬語氣用在if only引導的感嘆句中。如:
if only i were a bird.
if only i had taken his advice.
(4)虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運用。
①情態動詞的過去式用于現在時態時,表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉,常出現在日常會話中。如:
it would be better for you not to stay up too late.
would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用于一些習慣表達法中。如:
would you like a cup of tea?
i would rather not tell you.
4、精典名題導解
1. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (nmet 95)
a. breaks b.has broken c.were broken d.had been broken
解析:答案為c。本題考查的是as if 引導的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題,as if引導的狀語從句如果與事實一致,不用虛擬語氣,如果與事實相反,應用虛擬語氣。題中“當鉛筆的一部分浸在水中,鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實際上鉛筆并未斷,與事實相反,前半部分陳述是一般現在時,因而本句是對一般現在時的虛擬,用were broken。
2. i didn’t see your sister at the meeting. if she ___________, she would have met my brother.(nmet 94)
a. has come b.did come c.came d.had come
解析:答案為d。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是:我在會議上沒看到你姐姐,故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實相反,前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時態是一般過去時的虛擬,所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。
3. —if he ___________, he ________that food.
—luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(nmet 93)
a. was warned; would not take
b.had been warned; would not have taken
c.would be warned; had not taken
d.would have been warned; had not taken
解析:答案為b。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實相反時虛擬語氣的用法。根據下一句語境可知,他事先并沒有得到警告,表示過去時間的虛擬語氣,故選b。
4. if there were no subjunctive, english ______ much easier. (nmet)
a. will be b.would have been c.could have been d.would be
5. the guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (nmet)
a. obeys b.obey c.will obey d.would obey
解析:根據insist后的賓語從句謂語要用(should) do形式規律,可定正確答案是b。
6. i wish i _____ you yesterday.
a. seen b.did see c.had seen d.were to see
解析:此題表與過去事實相反的原望,答案應為c。
7. —— if he _____ , he _____ that food.
—— luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (nmet)
a. was warned;would not take b.had been warned;would not have taken
c.wuld be warned;had not taken d.would have been warned;had not taken
解析:從對話看,是表達與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,故答案為b。
8. without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (nmet)
a. is b.will be c.would have been d.would be
解析:without引出一個含蓄條件句,主句表述的是與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣,故答案為d。
9. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____. (nmet)
a .breaks b. has broken c. were broken d .had been broken
解析:放入水中的鉛筆看上去是斷的,但實際上并非如此,因此是與現在的事實相反,這時as if從句謂語要用一般過去時,故答案為c。
10. i didn he _____ , he would have said hello to me.
a .would come b. had come c. came d.did come
解析:觀察題目上下文,特別是第二句的主句謂語為 would have said,可知if從句表述的是與過去事實相反的愿望,因此答案為b。
11. _____ it _____ for your help, i couldn have made any progress.
a .had;not been b . should ;not be c .did ;not be d .not ;be
解析:根據主句謂語形式,可知從句要用had done形式,故應選a,had it not been for your help=if it had not been for your help.(要不是你幫忙的話)
12. mr smith was badly ill, or he _____ our dinner party.
a. should come to b. would have attended
c. would come to d. should have attended
解析:or可引導含蓄條件句,表達虛擬語氣。根據此題內容,可知是與過去事實相反的假設,故答案為b。
2023屆中考英語虛擬語氣專題復習 篇2
虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣(subjunctive mood)這一語法項目是各類英語考試中心測試的重點之一。虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,用來表示說話人所說的話并不是事實,而是一種假設、愿望、懷疑或推測。
ⅰ用以表示虛擬條件的虛擬語氣
⒈ 用if條件從句表示的虛擬條件,是虛擬條件最普通的方式。
① 虛擬現在時表示與現在事實相反的假設,其if 從句的謂語形式用動詞的過去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形,例如:if i were in your position i would marry her.
② 虛擬過去時是表示與過去事實相反的假設,if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時即had+過去分詞,主句用would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞,例如:if it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多數的虛擬條件句屬于上面三種情況的一種,但并不排除存在條件和后果中,一個和現在情況相反,另一個和過去情況相反,例如:if you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.這個句子在高中出現頻率頗高。
④ 但是,如果后果用了虛擬語氣,而條件卻用陳述語氣,這種用法是錯的。
⒉ 除了表示虛假條件外,if從句還可以表示對將來的推測,由于是將來還沒有發生的,所以談不上是真實的還是虛假的,只能說這個事情發生的可能性有多大。一般情況下,可以用陳述語氣的if從句來表示對一個未來事實的推測,這個事實是完全可能發生的。if從句的謂語形式用一般過去式或用were to / should +動詞原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +動詞原形,例如:jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四級第44題)
⒊ 有時可以把含有助動詞、情態動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去,而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前,即用倒裝結構,這時候,如果出現not等否定詞,否定詞需放在主語后面。這種結構在口語中很少使用,但頻頻出現在各類考試中出現,例如:if it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多數的虛擬條件通過上面所講的兩種方法表達,但在個別句子中也可以通過介詞without和介詞短語but for表達,副詞otherwise等表達出來。例如:we didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四級第46題)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,謂語動詞必定要用虛擬形式,但包含without等短語的句子,謂語動詞未必一定要用虛擬語氣。
⒌ 有時虛擬條件不是明確地表達出來,而在蘊含在用but引導的從句里,于是便出現了有謂語動詞是虛擬語氣的主句加上謂語動詞是陳述語氣的but從句構成的并列復合句,例如i would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在這樣的句子里,如果主句沒有用虛擬語氣,或者從句用了虛擬語氣,都是錯的。
ⅱ用在賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
⒈ 在表示愿望的動詞wish后的賓語從句中,需用虛擬語氣。(wish后的that 常省略),根據主句時態,從句謂語時態相應退后一位,例如:how she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、請求、建議、命令等主觀意愿的動詞(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用(should) +動詞原形。值得注意的是,如果賓語從句的動詞是否定的,否定詞not的位置應在動詞之前,而不是動詞之后。例如:the head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表達“暗示”,insist表示“堅持某種說法”時,后面的從句不用虛擬語氣,例如:her pale face suggests that she is ill.或he insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外,上述動詞也要求用虛擬式
① 在it is+上述動詞的過去分詞,其后所跟的主語從句中,如it is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述動詞相應的名詞形式作主語+連系動詞,其后的表語從句中,例如his suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在對上述動詞相應的名詞進行解釋的同位語從句中,如:the workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用來表達主觀愿望,它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現在或將來,用過去完成式表示與過去事實相反,例如:i would rather he went right now.
ⅲ其他形式的虛擬語氣
⒈ it is +necessary等形容詞后,that主語從句中虛擬形式使用,這類形容詞包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如it is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者it is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在it's (high/about) time 之后的定語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式,例如it is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導的方式狀語從句中的應用(謂語動詞形式與wish后的賓語從句基本相同)表示與現在事實相反或對現在情況有懷疑,謂語動詞用過去式。例如:he felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示過去想象中的動作或情況,謂語動詞用過去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞多用虛擬語氣,(should )+ 動詞原形。例如: the mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四級第38題)
⒌ 在if only 引起的感嘆句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式或過去完成式。例如: look at the terrible situation i am in! if only i had followed your advice.