Whose clothes are these
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
物主代詞(Possessive pronouns)——形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞是本單元重點語法教學(xué)內(nèi)容之一,其二是教學(xué)生學(xué)會詢問物品的歸屬Whose…?能歸納元音字母組合發(fā)/a:/,/au/,/R:/,/[:/,/[/的正確發(fā)音,及一個輔音發(fā)音/F/。
1)掌握詞匯:clothes line whose shirt dress skirt dark yours mine hers put on theirs ours about(prep.) beside
2)理解詞匯:blouse trousers glove
3)語音:/a:/ar are a,/au/ow ou,/R:/or oor,/[:/er ir,/[/er , /F/sh
4) 語法和句型:
Whose hat is this? Whose shoes are these?
Whose is this hat? Whose are these shoes?
my/ mine your/yours his/his her/ hers our/ ours your/ yours their /theirs
Whose is this…? / Whose …is this?
Whose are these…? / Whose …are these?
5)日常交際用語:
Whose is this / that…? Is it yours? Let me have a look, please. No, it’s not mine.
I think it’s his/hers… You must look after your … Put…on… What about…?
Whose …is this? Whose …are these? It’s hers. They’re ours.
教學(xué)建議
教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
該單元核心教學(xué)項目是 “找尋物主”(Asking about ownership ), 這就不免牽扯到物主代詞(Possessive pronouns)的使用,但要讓學(xué)生正確區(qū)分兩種物主代詞(形容詞性的物主代詞、名詞性的物主代詞),并不能僅僅從有沒有“s”來作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),當(dāng)然可以讓學(xué)生找到其中小小的規(guī)律,即形容詞性物主代詞(my) +名詞(name) =名詞性物主代詞(mine)。另外,whose一詞也可同法教學(xué),它本身可以說是集形容詞性和名詞性于一身的一個詞:? =Whose are these (clothes)? 類似的還有名詞的所屬格也具備這一特征:Lucy's hat looks like her cat. =Lucy's looks like her cat.本單元是功能(Asking about ownership)、話題(Clothes)和語法項目(Possessive pronouns)的典型結(jié)合。
單詞教學(xué)
本單元重點詞匯是以名詞居多(8個),其次是代詞(6個),其余的還有介詞、形容詞及兩個詞組,可見名詞和代詞占了本單元單詞教學(xué)的主要部分。在名詞中主要是衣物名詞的學(xué)習(xí),由于接近生活,所以學(xué)生還比較容易接受,其中要特別提出重視的是始終以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的(clothes, trousers)等詞,關(guān)鍵要提醒學(xué)生們正確使用與之搭配的be動詞。而新學(xué)的代詞主要是在已學(xué)過的形容詞性物主代詞的基礎(chǔ)上稍加注意即可,關(guān)鍵要學(xué)生理解兩種物主代詞之間的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系。在詞組方面,可提供給學(xué)生put on的反義詞take off,What about…?的同意用法How about…?等知識點。
口語教學(xué)
重點突出在以問句為主的功能性會話的訓(xùn)練上,讓學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備豐富多彩的實物做口語對話,使學(xué)生在逼真的場景下,脫口說出恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z句, 即使學(xué)生真正理解每一句會話的用處和用法。 例如:
1)讓學(xué)生互相談?wù)撜掌凶约旱囊挛铮ㄒ驗榇蠖鄶?shù)學(xué)校要求學(xué)生們著裝統(tǒng)一校服),以加深學(xué)生們對衣物單詞的記憶,其中可能用到的語句有:
Is it a nice skirt?/ What's this? / It's a dress. / This coat looks great, isn't it?/ What's on your head? It is my hat, is it looks like a cat? / Yes, it's very cold then, I wear a pair of gloves…
2)也可以讓學(xué)生制作卡通的衣物圖片,老師把所有圖片統(tǒng)一裝在一個大紙箱里,派學(xué)生上講臺參與抽圖片,讓其他學(xué)生提問抽出的圖片上的“衣物”是誰的, 問答形式如下:
What's this? / It's a sweater. / What color is it? / It's blue and white. / Whose sweater is this? / X X, is it your sweater? / No, it isn’t. / Whose shoes are these? / Y Y, are these your sweater? / Yes, they are. / Whose is the hat? / Z Z, is it your hat? / Yes, it is. / Whose are these trousers? / A A, are these trousers yours? / No, they’re, not.
3)最后一種方法就是,可以把學(xué)生們分成幾人一組的若干組,各自編一個接近生活場景的找東西的對話,注意學(xué)生們句型語序和物主代詞的正確使用, 在此提供其中之一,僅供參考之用:
A: Excuse me. Do you see my gloves? I can’t find it.
B: I can see a pair of red gloves on teacher's desk, are they yours?
A: No, mine are blue and yellow. Can you help me to find them?
B: No problem. Let's find them. Look! There are two blue ones under your own chair, are they yours?
A: Oh, dear. I find them. They are just mine. Thank goodness!
B: Don’t thank goodness, thank me.
A: Yes, you are great, thanks a lot.
B: That's OK! Be careful next time, you must look after your things.
A: Yes, thank you again.
句型教學(xué)
由于本單元的重點句型可以有兩種表達(dá)方式,如:
這是誰的書? Whose book is this?
這書是誰的? Whose is this book?
這是我的書. This is my book.
這本書是我的. This book is mine.
這是你的書. This is your book.
這本書是你的. This book is yours.
但在中文里無論是形容詞性的 (whose, my, your)還是名詞性的(whose, mine, yours), 譯成中文都是同一個詞(誰的, 我的, 你的),這正是初學(xué)者容易混淆不清之處, 所以要讓學(xué)生們一定用英文的思維去處理這種情況,類似的還有名詞的所屬格,如:莉莉的貓Lily's cat/ Lily's, 老師的房間 the teacher's room/ the teacher's, 父母的工作 parents’ jobs/ parents’, 甚至可用職業(yè)代替說明工作場所, the doctor's(醫(yī)生門診), the butcher's(肉店), the barber's(理發(fā)店), the tailors(裁縫店) etc.
詞組教學(xué)
1.put…on是教師要提醒學(xué)生們注意的,如果"穿上"的賓語是名詞,則該名詞可以隨便放置,即"穿...上(put…on)"和"穿上...(put on…)"均可,而如果賓語是個代詞,則只能放中間,即"穿...上"(put it on).
2.must是情態(tài)動詞,要注意它所含的情態(tài),是"必須"的意思,其后應(yīng)跟動詞原形,同類還有can, may, could, will, would, shall, should, need, have to, ought to, dare等詞.
3.Look after是又一個常用詞組,注意look與after是不可拆開的詞組,其后接名詞做賓語。提醒學(xué)生們聯(lián)想與look有關(guān)的所有詞組:look at, look for, look like, look the same, 并拓展知識外延look out(小心,向外看), look up(查字典,向上看), look over(仔細(xì)檢查)etc.
語音教學(xué)方面
本單元在語音方面教學(xué)五個元音發(fā)音/a:/, /au/, /R:/, /[:/, /[/其中/a:/與/au/,不少學(xué)生容易把/a:/發(fā)成“阿”,主要是忽視了音長和口腔共鳴,教師多做口型夸張表演,而學(xué)生則多做模仿和練習(xí)。還有的學(xué)生區(qū)分不了/R/與/R:/,/[:/與/[/的長短音,甚至有人把/R:/讀作“凹”,把/[:/讀成“兒”,因而失去了長音的特點,所以要求學(xué)生注意聽音,加強模仿是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。
輔音/∫/在同學(xué)們朗讀模仿時,不存在大困難,大部分同學(xué)都能正確掌握其發(fā)音。
情感教學(xué)
1.通過“找尋物主”這一課題的學(xué)習(xí),要教育學(xué)生養(yǎng)成好的生活習(xí)慣。對于自己的東西不能隨便丟放。“你必須照看你的東西。You must look after your things.”另外,還要讓學(xué)生學(xué)會關(guān)心愛護(hù)別人,幫助別人尋找丟失的物品和照看好他人的物品。班級同學(xué)要互相關(guān)心、互相愛護(hù)、友好相處、共同進(jìn)步。
2.當(dāng)我們得到別人的幫助時,要及時表示謝意。如:
A: You must look after your clothes.
B: Yes, thank you, Mr. Mu.
背景材料分析
1.在英語當(dāng)中,有一些詞的用法和我們漢語的習(xí)慣是不同的,例如,我們漢語可說一條褲子,做為單數(shù)。而在英語當(dāng)中,如trousers做主語,謂語必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.在英語里表示一家人可以在姓前面加the, 后面加family. 如the Green family. 除了這種表達(dá)方法之外,比較常用的還可表示為the Greens. 即在姓氏前面加the, 在后面加s.
形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞用法上的區(qū)別
(1)形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,在句中只可作定語,修飾名詞。如:Their teacher is Miss Gao.
(2)名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于一個名詞短語,在句中可作主語、賓語等成分。如:
This is your bike, mine is under the tree. (作主語)
這是你的自行車,我的在樹下。
I like my pen, I don’t like hers(作賓語)
我喜歡我的鋼筆,我不喜歡她的。
That bag isn’t mine, it's yours. (作表語)
那個書包不是我的,是你的。
(3)名詞性物主代詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于它所替代的名詞的數(shù)。如:
My trousers are long, hers are short. 我的褲子長,她的褲子短。
Your school is big, ours is small. 你們的學(xué)校大,我們的學(xué)校小。
(4)形容詞性物主代詞不可單獨使用,其后必須有被修飾的名詞。如:
那是他的椅子,我的在那兒。
誤 That's his chair, my is over there.
正That's his chair, mine is over there.
正That's his chair, my chair is over there.
Whose用法
whose不等于who's。Whose是who的所有格形式,意為“誰的”,而who's是who is的縮略形式,意為“誰是”。但whose與who's同音,都讀作[hu:z]。
whose在句中可作表語、定語等。如:
Whose is that computer? 那臺電腦是誰的?(作表語)
Whose sweaters are these? 這些是誰的毛衣?(作定語)
whose用來對物主代詞及名詞所有格進(jìn)行提問:
1.提問形容詞性的物主代詞。如:
These are my bananas. →Whose bananas are these?
2.提問名詞性的物主代詞。如:
That bedroom is mine. →Whose is that bedroom?
Hers are in the classroom. → Whose are in the classroom?
3.提問名詞所有格(不包括of構(gòu)成的所有格)。如:
Those are the twins’ bags. → Whose bags are those?
Tom's mother is a good teacher. → Whose mother is a good teacher
課文“淘金”
1. clothes是穿在身上的各種服裝的總稱.包括上衣、褲子和內(nèi)衣等。它不單指一件衣服,不能與數(shù)詞連用,所以無單數(shù)形式。例如:
What color are your clothes? 你的衣服是什么顏色的?
2. trousers通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。trousers作主語時,謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。要表示“一條褲子”可用a pair(雙、對)of trousers,此時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
3. shoes常用作復(fù)數(shù)。用法同trousers,但也可以單數(shù)形式shoe出現(xiàn),表示“一只鞋”。
4. the Green family指“格林一家”,表示“一家人”除此種表示方法外,還可表示為the Greens。
5. Whose 可針對my, your, our, their, Kate's等形容詞性物主代詞提問,其語序為:
These are their sweaters. 這些是他們的運動衫。
Whose sweaters are these? 這些是誰的運動衫?
(針對定語提問)
whose 也可針對mine, yours, ours, theirs, Kate's等名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格提問。
This shirt is his. 這件襯衫是他的。
Whose is this shirt? 這件襯衫是誰的?
(針對表語提問)
對畫線部分提問
Those are her trousers.
Whose trousers are those? (提問表語的定語)
That cup is mine.
Whose is that cup?(提問表語)