英語基礎語法——名詞性從句
what friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在國外。
we gave him what (little) help we could. 我們給了他我們力所能及的幫助。
. 眾所周知,中國是一個偉大的社會主義國家。
注:為避免頭重腳輕,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主語,而將主語從句后置。如上述第二例常說成:
it is well known that china is a great socialist country.
但是,由連接代詞what, whatever, whoever等引導的主語從句一般不能用形式主語。如:
what he found surprised me greatly. 他的發現使我非常吃驚。
whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
(2)表語從句
就是在連系動詞之后作表語的從句。引導表語從句的連接除與引導主語從句的連接詞外,還有as if, as though。如:
the question is whether he is able to do it alone. 問題是他能否單獨做這件事。
it looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
注意:要區分以下句式:
1. that’s why+結果;that’s because+原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…
he is absent. that’s because he is ill. 他缺席,這是因為他生病了。
he is ill. that’s why he is absent. 他病了,這就是他缺席的原因。
the reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
(3)賓語從句
就是在復合句中作賓語的從句。引導這賓語從句的連接詞與引導主語從句的連接詞基本相同。如:
they didn’t say which they wanted. 他們沒有說他們想要哪一個。
i am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永遠不會受傷害。
i was surprised at what has happened.我對發生的事感到驚訝。
注意:當think, believe, suppose等的疑問式后面跟連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句時,習慣上將這些連接詞置于句首,即“連接代/副詞+do you think /believe /expect+賓語從句的其余部分?”如:
who do you think is the best player this year? 你認為今年誰是最佳運動員?
what do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放學后干什么?
(4)同位語從句
就是在句中作同位語的從句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名詞的后面,說明這些詞的具體內容或含義。同位語從句大多由that引導,也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引導,但不能由which引導。如:
the idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是圓的”這種觀點并不新鮮。
he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這們一問題。
i have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么時候出發。
注:有時,同位語從句并不緊跟在它所說明的詞的后面。如:
th
二、名詞性從句的基本要素
a. 連接詞
就是引導名詞性從句的關連接詞。共有四類:
1. 連詞that:只起連接作用,沒有任何意思,不作任何句子成分,在賓語從句中可省略。
2. 連詞whether:有“是否”之意,但不作句子成分;引導賓語從句時,還可用if。
3. 連接代詞:who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意義,在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。