初二下學期 Unit 20 Mainly revision
教學目標
知識技能目標
1.掌握本單元的詞匯、日常用語和重要句型的運用。
2.復習簡單句基本句型,掌握不定代詞的用法。
3.掌握英語日記的格式。
詞語
yet, myself, cousin, engineer, cancer, care, take care of, sad, death, page, palace, the Summer Palace, herself, turn on, while, after a while, turn off, not…any more, make faces, whole, wonderful, have a cold, once, himself, tooth, kill
句型及日常交際用語
1. Did you have a nice weekend?
2. Sorry to hear that.
3. Did you have to do the cooking?
4. I can't leave her by herself.
5. They’ll be very happy to see you again.
6. I'm sure you'll have a wonderful time.
7.1 hope so.
語法
復習Unitl5~Unitl9 語法項目
情感態度目標
第78課是本單元的主課文,它敘述了一個男學生幫助一位阿姨帶一個襁褓中嬰兒的故事。這看起來是一件非常平凡的小事,但卻閃爍著那個男學生不怕麻煩,關心他人的高尚的思想品質的光輝。同學們應該向他學習。在別人需要得到幫助的時候,應該毫不猶豫地伸出自己的援助之手。只有這樣才能使整個社會變成一個充滿著相互關愛的大家庭。
教學建議
教學內容分析
本單元是復習單元,內容豐富,練習形式多樣。要復習的語法點也較多。老師必須有計劃、有重點的對學生加以組織和引導。
第77課中的第一部分有兩段對話。第一段對話主要復習情態動詞can并引出反身代詞,為下一單元專門學習反身代詞作鋪墊。第二段對話主要復習看病就醫的一些表達法及情態動詞have to。第二部分主要是加強對造句的訓練,同時強調make + 賓語 + 補足語結構的用法。
第78課是一篇學生的日記,是本單元的主要課文,內容很豐富,老師可組織學生進行閱讀,并告訴學生寫日記的基本格式以及讓學生自己去體會寫日記所用的時態。
第79課的第四部分是讓學生討論他們的“五一假日”計劃,這是對第一部分對話內容的消化和具體運用。第二、三部分的教學內容都是對情態動詞加以復習和鞏固。
第80課的第一部分是復習英語簡單句的五種基本句型;第三部分是詞匯訓練;第四部分是用不定代詞填空;最后由一篇閱讀課文收尾。這是一個寓言故事,情節生動有趣,有一定的教育意義。
綜上所述,本單元活動形式變換較多,聽、說、讀、寫及詞匯、語法練習皆有,為教師展開豐富多彩的課堂教學活動創造了良好的條件。
重點內容分析
本單元為復習單元,我們除了要復習以前所學知識外,還要掌握本單元的詞匯、用語等。Lesson 78的日記,我們要掌握它的書寫格式和常用的時態。同時,它為我們本單元的寫作訓練提供了范例。Lesson 79主要練習情態動詞的用法。Lesson 80的簡單句基本句型,我們要求進一步學習,特別是“主系表”和“主謂賓賓補”結構,要能夠識別系動詞和賓語補足語。同時,要進一步掌握不定代詞(somebody, anybody, nobody etc.)的用法。
閱讀課文分析
本單元中第一篇課文是一篇日記,敘述一個男孩幫助別人去照看一個嬰兒的事情,學習本文后要掌握英語日記的格式,并養成用英語記日記的好習慣。而且能夠學到樂于助人的良好思想品德。第二篇課文是一個童話故事《The tiger and the monkey》。通過此故事,可以啟發我們在強大的對手面前要發揮自己的聰明才智,想辦法,不蠻干,隨機應變去戰勝對手。
重難點及疑點分析
重難點:
1.turn on/ off的意思是“打開/關上(水、電、煤氣等)”,on/ off是副詞。如賓語是代詞則必須放在中間。例如:
The light is on. Please turn it off when you leave.
2.take care of的意思是“照料、照顧”,它的同義詞組是look after。如要表示“把……照料(顧)好”,則用take good care of…,相當于look after …well。如:My grandfather is ill in hospital. We must take good care of him. (look after him well)
3. He told me not to bring you anything.
該句型“tell/ ask sb.not to do sth.”的意思“是叫/請某人不要做某事”。如果要表示“叫/請某人去做某事”,則用tell/ ask sb. to do sth。
My mother often tells me not to play in the street. Because it’s dangerous.
Li Ming asked me to help him with his studies. I tried my best to answer all his questions.
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4. I hope so.
句子的so是用來代替上文所說的話,以避免重復。
5. But she looked at me and cried harder and harder.
句中的harder and harder是英語中一種“比較級 + and + 比較級”的結構,表示“越來越……”的意思。如果形容詞或副詞的比較級是由more + 形/副詞原級構成的話,則應用more and more + 形/副詞原級。如:
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. We all like it.
疑點:
1. Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.
該句中的“make sb.do sth.”是“命令/迫使某人做某事”的意思,是動詞不定式作賓語補足語,但不定式符號to必須省略。
2.There is!
這是一句倒裝句,是半倒裝。如果主語是名詞則用全倒裝。例如:
There comes the bus. We must go on the bus.
There goes the bell. Let’s go into the classroom.
詞匯教學
開學以來,學生接觸到的新單詞大約有220個。平均每單元的詞匯量在37個左右。如何有效地幫助學生記憶和運用所學的單詞,是提高學生學習效果的一個重要環節。教材第80課第三部分介紹了運用字謎記憶單詞的有趣方法。給學生一個規定的時間,看誰找的單詞多。除此以外,教師還可以用一些別的方法幫助學生復習單詞。
1.延伸(包括詞性和組成短語)如:
care→careful→carefully→take care→take care of→lake good care of
cross→crossed→crossing→across→cross a bridge
take→taking→took→take sth. away→take sth. with sb. →take a seat
wait→waiting→waited→wait for→waiting room
2.快速反應(根據老師的要求,讓學生搶答)如:
laugh laughed cry laugh at
stand stood standing sit stand in line (in a queue)
3.接龍游戲
教師先說一個單詞,然后由學生接著傳下去說,所說單詞的第一個字母必須是上一個單詞的最后一個字母。如:
garden→nice→empty→yourself→farm→must→tired…
老師可以預先準備一些小禮物,如橡皮、小刀、鉛筆等。對優勝者給予一點獎勵,提高他們的積極性。這種方法既能幫助他們記憶單詞,又能訓練他們快捷思維能力。
情態動詞教學
前幾個單元學生分別學習了情態動詞can, may, must, mustn't, have to, need。在本單元第79課第二部分列為專項對上述情態動詞進行復習。教師不必只枯燥無味地講解其含義和語法功能,而應該把他們放在鮮活、生動的語言環境中去運用、體會。結合練習冊第79課練習2,教師可以適當補充一些練習,幫助學生復習鞏固。如:
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根據句意選擇適當的情態動詞,用其適當的形式填空。
(can, may, must, have to, need)
1. ______we do eye exercises every day? Yes, we must.
2. ____you read the text in English? Yes, I can.
3. Li Ming ______reach the blackboard, when she was four years old. She was only 1.05 meter tall. She was too short to reach it.
4. _____ I use your new bike? No, you mustn't.
5. They got up too late. They ______ go to work by bus.
6. He ______stay here. He may go now.
7. The light is on my mother ______be home.
8. Could you wait for a while? No, I ______.
9. The apples are too high. He _____reach them.
10. Lucy's mother is ill in hospital. She ______ look after her.
keys: 1.Must 2.Can 3.couldn't 4.May 5.had to 6.needn't 7.must 8.can't 9.can't 10.has to
教學簡單句的五種基本句型
在第15單元中學生已學過簡單句的五種基本句型。學生如能識別簡單句的五種基本句型,以后學習復合句、并列句等結構復雜的句子就不會感到太困難。本單元第80課的第一部分列出專項作為復習內容。教師在復習中不必過分強調句子成份和結構分析,而應把注意力放在理解句子的意義上。
教師可從本單元現成的對話和課文中挑出一些句子,讓學生“對號入座”,增加學生英語句子的結構意識,以便更進一步理解英語句子結構與意義之間的關系。如:
1. My parents are coming. ( S+V)
2. Can you teach yourself? (S+V+O)
3. At first she was asleep. (S+V+P)
4. I told him the whole story. (S+ V + InO + DO)
5. He made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. (S+V+O+C)
閱讀訓練
本單元安排了兩篇閱讀課文。第78課的閱讀課文是一篇日記。單詞和短語都比較多,給學生閱讀帶來一定的困難。老師是否考慮先教單詞,在教單詞的過程中帶出一些詞組。如講herself時帶出leave her by herself這個短語;講turn時帶出turn on(off)the radio這個短語;講whole時帶出the whole story這個短語等。然后讓學生聽錄音,在學生聽錄音時教師把一些估計學生理解有一定困難的短語寫在黑板上,作一些必要的解釋。在學生完成第一遍閱讀以后,教師可問一些簡單的一般疑問句,讓學生用“Yes”or“No”來回答。完了以后再讓學生快速讀一遍。接著要學生回答練習冊第78課練習1中的問題。最后讓學生跟著錄音磁帶進行有表情地朗讀。教師可簡單交待一下用英文寫日記的格式。(日期、時態、開頭第一行要頂格寫。)
第80課安排了一個寓言故事,情節生動有趣,引人入勝,適合動中學生好奇心強的特點。學生一定非常感興趣。在閱讀前教師可向學生提出兩個問題。1. Why did the monkey laugh in the end? 2.What will you learn after you read the fable? 閱讀后再讓學生聽錄音,模仿它的語調的節奏感和自然感。最后可讓學生進行表演。表演時要求他們表現出老虎的兇狠和愚蠢及猴子的勇敢和機智。
寫作訓練
第78課是關于學生的一篇日記,也是本單元的主課文。老師首先使學生熟知用英文寫日記的格式,同時指導他們如何選好寫日記的內容。然后布置學生回家寫一篇簡單的日記。在下一節課上老師可有意識的請幾個學生在全班朗讀自己的日記內容。最后由老師歸納總結,從而進一步提高學生用英語寫日記的能力。
學法建議
1.本單元是總復習單元。到目前為止同學們已學習了近220個單詞,80多個短語。正確掌握所學單詞和短語對今后進一步學好英語關系重大。同學們必須在老師的指導下根據各自的實際情況認真整理、分析、歸納、采取合理的科學方法加以記憶。
2.情態動詞是本單元學習的語法重點,比較難掌握。同學們不能只記憶他們的用法,應該通過一定量的口頭和書面練習,在具體的語言環境中加以體會、理解,達到掌握的目的。
詞語辨析
1. all, whole
兩者用作形容詞時,都有“整個的、全部的、所有的”的意思,區別在于:①all既可修飾可數名詞,又可修飾不可數名詞;whole只修飾可數名詞,不修飾不可數名詞。②all與定冠詞、物主代詞和指示代詞連用時,常置于這些詞之前,而whole與定冠詞、物主代詞和指示代詞連用時,常置于這些詞之后。例如:
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①The man drank the whole tea. (×)
The man drank all the tea. (√)
②I told him whole the story / the all story. (×)
I told him the whole story/ all the story. (√)
2. forget, leave
二者均可表示“遺留”,但有區別:
forget后跟事物,指“遺忘了具體的東西”,leave后需跟表示地點的詞,指“遺記某物在某地”。如:
I forget my key, so I couldn’t ride the bike. 我忘了帶鑰匙,因此我不能騎自行車。
Today I left my English book at home. Can you lend one to me.
強化練習:選擇恰當的詞填空。
1. all, whole
(1) The ________ city was flooded. But nobody died.
(2) _________ the students went to school early. No one is late.
2. forget, leave
(1) Tom ________ his purse at school yesterday. There’s no money with him.
(2) I _________ my homework yesterday. Now I had to do it.
Keys: 1. (1) whole (2) All 2. (1) left (2) forgot
疑難解析
1. My parents bought a computer for me. 父母我買了臺電腦。
buy sth. for sb. =buy sb. sth. 意為“給某人買某物”。如:His father bought a new bike for him yesterday. =His father bought him a new bike yesterday.
除buy外,可以接雙賓語的動詞還有build, cook, draw, make, sing等。如:He sang us a song. =He sang a song for us. He’s a good singer. He always sings for us at parties.
2. But I don’t know how to use it yet. 但我還不知道該怎么用它。
“疑問詞+不定式”構成的短語是動詞不定式的復合結構,在句中可作主語(如①)、表語(如②)及賓語(如③)等。例如:
①Where to go tomorrow is still a question. Do you have any idea?
②–My question is what to do next.
–Do the first thing first. Then I’ll tell you what to do next.
③I don’t know how to drive a car. I want to learn to drive.
3. What makes you happy? 什么使你感到快樂?
(1)疑問代詞what,who作主語時,謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數形式,因此句中的makes不能改為make。如:
–Who has a computer?
–Everybody has.
Who is cleaning the classroom? Some girls. 誰在打掃教室?幾個女孩。
(2)make后跟賓語補足語,形容詞happy在句中作賓語補足語,對賓語you起補充說明作用。但make后的賓語補足語應為名詞、形容詞或不帶to的動詞不定式。如:
They made him their head. Because he’s good at leading others in their work.
He never makes his brother do heavy work. He himself always do it instead.
You must keep your hands clean. Or it’s bad for your health.
4. At first she was asleep. 起初她睡著了。
①at first“起先,開始的時候”,其同義詞組是at the beginning of,反義詞組是at last“最后,終于”。如:
A first I didn’t know the way to the lake. But I know it. A woman showed me the way.
At first I wanted to find my lost pen. But I didn’t find it.
開始的時候,我想找到丟失的鋼筆,但最終沒有找到。
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②asleep是表語性形容詞,在句中只作表語,表示“睡著”的狀態,它的反義詞是awake。be asleep強調“睡著”的狀態,go to sleep則強調“入睡”的動作過程。如:
She was too happy to be asleep. So she asked me to talk with her.
After he went for a walk, he went to sleep. 散步之后他睡了。
5. But she looked at me and cried harder and harder. 但她看了看我,哭得越來越厲害了。
harder and harder越來越厲害
比較級+and +比較級表示“越來越……”。如:
In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer. More and more people are getting ready for a long walk in the country.
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. Our life is getting better and better.
注:如果是多音節形容詞或副詞,我們用“more and more +多音節形容詞/副詞”這一結構來表示“越來越……”。如:
It's becoming more and more difficult to find a job. More and more people are out of work.
Beijing is getting more and more beautiful. We are proud of it.
English is very important. More and more people are beginning to learn English.
6. I’m sure you’ll have a wonderful time.
句中be sure的意思是“相信”,與believe同義。類似的短語還有:
1)make sure確信、查明
Make sure you have the money. Or you’ll be back with nothing.
2)be sure of (about)對……有把握
–Are you sure of this exam?
– Yes, I think I’ll get 100 marks.
另外,句中的have a wonderful time表示“玩得高興、過得愉快”,其中的wonderful可以用good, nice, happy, great代替。
7. He told me not to bring you anything. 他讓我不要帶給你東西吃。
tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事,tell sb. not to do sth.告訴某人不要做某事。這樣的詞組還有ask sb. to do sth., ask sb. not to do sth.。例:
The teacher told us not to play football in the classroom.老師告訴我們不要在教室里踢足球。
8. With these words the tiger jumped into the river. 說完這些話,老虎跳進了河里。
with these words是介詞短語作狀語,表示伴隨,說明說話的動作與jumped的動作幾乎同時發生。如:
With these words she left home. 說著這些話,她離開了家。
With these words he cried again. 說著這些話,他又哭了起來。
jump into的意思是“跳進……里面”,如:
The chicken jumped into the box. It ate up the rice.
all be oneself的用法分析
all be oneself意為“單獨,獨立”,在英語中應用十分廣泛,你可一定要學會“獨立”喲!
①all by oneself“單獨”使用時,可與alone互換。如:
We’re here all be ourselves. There’s nothing. 也可說:We’re here alone.
②all可省去,意思不改變。如:
You should do your homework by yourself. Don’t want anyone to help you.
③by oneself可與leave, learn等詞搭配。
leave sb. by oneself意為“把某人單獨留下”,注意此時oneself應與leave后面賓語的人稱保持一致。如:
She can’t leave her son by himself. He will be afraid and cry.
learn sb. by oneself意為自學,相當于teach oneself sth. 如:
–I learn English by myself. 也可說:I teach myself English.
–You’re great!
你學會“獨立”了嗎?那么請做下面的“獨立”闖關題:
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1. No, thanks. We can do this kind of work by_________.
A. us B. ours C. our D. ourselves
2. The problem is easy, you can do it by_________.
A. your B. you C. yourself D. yours
3. Don’t leave him by________. He will feel afraid.
A. him B. his C. yourself D. himself
4. —She’s too busy to help us finish the work.
—Let’s do it_________.
A. herself B. myself C. ourselves D. itself
5. The boys did the work_________. Nobody helped him.
A. all by themself B. all by themselves
C. by all themself D. by all themselves
Keys: 1—5 DCDCB
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