新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit4期中復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案
直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞形式的變化形式如下：
直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)
i am mad at marcia.
i am having a party for lana.
i go to the beach every saturday.
i will call you tomorrow.
i can speak three languages. she said she was mad at marcia.
she said she was having a party for lana.
he said he went to the beach every saturday.
he told me he would call me tomorrow.
she said she could speak three languages.
（1）直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律
直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
（2）直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律
直接引語(yǔ)
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 間接引語(yǔ)
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
在間接引語(yǔ)中除了注意時(shí)態(tài)，人稱(chēng)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化外，陳述句的句型，語(yǔ)序沒(méi)有變化，只是要在陳述句前加連詞that，它常常被省略，不在句子中擔(dān)任成分。
eg. she said to me, “i like english very much.”
---- she said ( that ) she liked english very much.
當(dāng)引用的句子是一般疑問(wèn)句，轉(zhuǎn)述為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把一般疑問(wèn)句句型轉(zhuǎn)換為陳述句句型，同時(shí)在句子前面加上if或whether。
eg. my friend asked me, “do you like english?”
---- my friend asked me if / whether i liked english.
當(dāng)引用的句子是祈使句時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要改用動(dòng)詞不定式表示。
句型：肯定句：tell / ask ...sb. to do sth.
否定句：tell / ask ....sb. not to do sth.
eg. the teacher said, “don’t be late again.”
--- the teacher told the students not to be late again.
把特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)述為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要特別注意語(yǔ)序的變化。它的語(yǔ)序轉(zhuǎn)換為陳述句語(yǔ)序，要以疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭（并注意此時(shí)不能用that）。
eg. mary asked me, “who is she?”
----- mary asked me who she was.
2. 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
if用做連詞時(shí)，可以表示“如果；假如”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
eg. i will go if he asks me.
if you eat bad food, you may be ill.
在主句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞都表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí)，主句中常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，但從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
eg. we will come to see you if we have time.
you won’t be able to pass the exam if you don’t work hard.
五. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
1. i’m mad at marcia.我生瑪茜婭的氣。
“mad”在此意為“生氣的，憤怒的”，be mad at....意思是“生……的氣”，“對(duì)……發(fā)怒”，相當(dāng)于be angry with。