Unit 3 Online travel

  【答案】
→ are your clothes washed very often?
7. most people in the usa speak english.
  【答案】
→ english is spoken by most people in the usa.
8. people listen to this programme in many countries.
  【答案】
→ this programme is listened to in many countries.
9. people speak english in many countries.
  【答案】
→ english is spoken in many countries.
10. do you often clean your room?
  【答案】
→ is your room often cleaned by you?
 
（二）一般過去時的被動語態
一）掌握一般過去時的被動語態的概念及構成
一般過去時的被動語態表示過去經常性、習慣性的被動性動作或過去某一時刻發生的被動性動作。
句型格式：was / were + done
即由主語(動作承受者) + was / were + 過去分詞(+ by + 施動者)構成。
與主動語態相比, 被動語態中主語是謂語動作的執行者。無需說明動作執行者時可省去“by+動作執行者”。句中主語就是原主動語態的賓語，動作執行者就是原主動語態的主語。was, were由主語單復數形式而定，主語為第三人稱單數名詞或代詞或i時用was，主語為復數名詞或代詞或you時用were。
例：1. 去年，我是由趙老師教的。
i was taught by miss zhao last year.
  2. 那些信是由一位有名作家寫的。
     those letters were written by a famous writer.
3. 昨天晚上那條裙子被買走了。
that skirt was bought last night.
4. －我的書在哪里？
－剛才它被放在桌子上的。
－where is my book ? 
－it was put on the desk just now.
5. 這座橋是去年十月份建的。
this bridge was built in october last year.
這些蛋糕是我媽媽昨天晚上做的。
these cakes were made by my mother last night.
女孩說她經常被她兄弟打。
the girl said she was often beaten by her brother.
 
二）掌握一般過去時被動語態句型的變換方法
一般過去時被動語態句型變換應圍繞was, were進行，構成否定句在其后加not，構成一般疑問句將其提至句首，構成特殊疑問句將一般疑問句置于特殊疑問詞后面，構成反意疑問句保留was/were。
his computer was not stolen by thieves last night.
他的電腦昨天晚上沒有被小偷偷走。
was your homework finished in time yesterday evening?
昨天晚上你及時完成家庭作業了嗎？
when was your letter written? the day before yesterday?
你的信是什么時候寫的？前天嗎？
why was this problem not worked out by you?
為什么你沒有解出這道試題？
your bike was not repaired last night, was it?
你的自行車昨晚沒有被修，是嗎？
——這房子不是1958年建造的。
——是哪一年造的呢？
——1987年。
——this house was not built in 1958.
——when was it built?
——it was built in 1987.
 
三）掌握一般過去時被動語態疑問句的回答方法
一般過去時被動語態一般疑問句的肯定回答用“yes, …was/were. ”否定回答用“no, …wasn’t/weren’t. ”特殊疑問句應抓住特殊疑問詞進行回答，可用簡略方法，也可用完整方法。反意疑問句也應用“yes, …was/were. ”或“no, …wasn’t/weren’t. ”進行回答。