Unit 3 Online travel
那個(gè)重要的問題已經(jīng)被討論近兩個(gè)星期了。
how long has the machine been used?
這機(jī)器使用多久了?
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題
（1）請(qǐng)注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞, 即have/has和been, 兩者缺一不可。
（2）請(qǐng)注意與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系, 而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況的聯(lián)系。如:
the bridge was built last year.
這橋是去年建成的。
the bridge has been built. 這橋已經(jīng)建好了。
3. 請(qǐng)注意一些特殊動(dòng)詞, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思, 則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。如:
[誤] how long has this book been bought?
[正] how long ago was this book bought?
但這類動(dòng)詞的否定式可表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程, 具有連續(xù)性, 因而可與since或for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:
no books have been bought since last week.
自上周以來(lái), 沒有人來(lái)買過書。
肯定句
this book has been translated (翻譯) into many foreign languages.
否定句
this book has not been translated into many foreign languages.
一般疑問句
has this book been translated into many foreign languages?
【典型例題】
翻譯下列句子，并改成否定句和一般疑問句
1. 那本書已經(jīng)送給了我父母。
2. 今天這首歌已經(jīng)被唱了幾次了。
【答案】
1. the book has been given to my parents.
the book has not been given to my parents.
has the book been given to my parents?
2. the song has been sung for several times today.
the song has not been sung for several times today.
has the song been sung for several times today?
（五）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，
we can repair this watch in two days.
this watch can be repaired in two days.
they should do it at once.
it should be done at once.
the book can be understood by thirteen-year-old boys.
（六）以下情況不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1. “it is+形容詞＋to do” 句型中，這些形容詞有nice, easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等
it’s hard to say.
2. 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
i have a letter to write.
3. take place/happen 發(fā)生
what happened to the old city?
4. feel/look/taste/smell/sound…(系動(dòng)詞)
the sweater feels soft.