Unit 6 A Great Young Athlete(通用2篇)
Unit 6 A Great Young Athlete 篇1
unit 6 a great young athlete
lesson 3
1.a cup given as a prize作為獎品所給的一個杯子
given as a prize 作定語,修飾 a cup,二者是被動關系。
2.what is her wish? 辨析wish 和 hope
1)wish +賓+ to +動詞原形,表示命令,hope無此用法
i wish you to go. 我要你去。
2)hope 后不能直接跟名詞作賓語,可跟for+名詞,表示可實現的“希望”,wish 雖也跟for +名詞,但表示難實現“愿望”。i hope for success .我希望成功。 i wish for a car.我很想得到小汽車。
3)hope 和 wish可跟that從句,但hope+ that表示希望。wish + that 表示“愿望”且從句動詞用虛擬語氣。i hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能早點好。i wish i were ten years younger. 我希望我能年輕十歲。
4)wish 可跟雙賓語。we wish you a happy new year.我祝你新年快樂。
5)hope / wish to do sth 希望去做某事
i hope to be a teacher in the future. 我希望將來能成為一名教師
6)兩者都可作名詞
3.is the cake whole? 辨析whole和all
這兩個詞意思相近。但與限定詞和名詞連用時,他們的用詞序各不相同。試比較:“all + 限定詞 + 名詞”“ 限定詞 + whole + 名詞”
1)all 與 whole 都可以和單數名詞連用。例如:mary spent all the whole summer at home .瑪麗整個夏天都是在家里度過的。也可以說成:mary spent the whole summer at home。 all my life 我的一生= my whole life
2)whole與all都可以和單數可數名詞連用,但 whole更為常見,例如:mary wasted the whole lesson.(較 all the lesson 更常見) 瑪麗把整整一堂課都浪費掉了。he ate the whole chicken. (較 all the chicken 更常見)他把整只雞都吃掉了。
3)all通常與不可數物質名詞連用,而 whole 則不能 。例如: 正: jane has drunk all the milk. 誤: jane has drunk the whole milk.珍妮喝光了所有的牛奶。you can easily spend a whole day there.(whole 多與可數名詞連用)你可以輕松地在那里呆上一整天。
?但有些抽象名詞前可用whole。例如:can you tell me the whole truth?(can you tell me all the truth?)你能告訴全部事實真相嗎?
4)the whole of / all(of) 可放在專有名詞,代詞和限定詞前。 例如:
the whole of / all of london was under water . 整個倫敦都被水淹沒。
4.impressive 詞綴“—ive”可放在一些動詞后構成形容詞,表示“與……有關的,有……性質(特性)的,有……傾向的”。
impress(v).–impressive(adj.) compete(v).-competitive(adj.) prevent(v).-preventative (adj.) expense(n.)-expensive(adj.)
5.prevent 及物動詞,可直接帶賓語,表示阻止,禁止做某事;
prevent sb. from doing sth.=stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
he prevents his son from playing fire. 他不讓他兒子玩火
6.expense n. 費用,支出;經費
i don’t think we can afford the expense.我認為我不能負擔得起這費用。
he said the office expenses were too big.他說辦公的花銷太大。
at the expense of 以……作代價,犧牲
he became an brilliant scholar, but only at the expense of his health.
他成為了一名卓越的學者,但卻犧牲了健康。
7.i think winning is fun, fun, fun! fun n.樂趣,玩笑,有趣的人或事物
you’ll sure to have fun at the party tonight.你在今晚的晚會上一定會玩的很開心。
people make fun of her because she always speaks foolishly.
人們嘲笑她,因為她常說傻話。
swimming in the sea is great fun.在海里游泳很好玩。
i’m learning to cook, just for the fun of it.我正在學做飯,做著玩而已。
funny adj. (funnier, funniest)滑稽的,有趣的。例如:
the story was very funny .這個故事非常可笑。
he closed his speech with a funny joke.
他用一則有趣的笑話結束了演講。
8.since then, liu xiang has won many races.
since 作連詞引導時間狀語從句的用法。
一、若since 引導狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時,則從句
表示的時間是“從動作開始的那一刻起”。如:
he has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自從她來到我們學校,他學習就非常努力。
二、若since 引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞的過去時時,
則從句表示的時間是“從那持續動作或狀態結束時算起。”如: i haven’t head any noise since i slept. sleep 為持續性動詞,sleep 的動作結束時,即“醒來”時,這句應譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。how long is it since you lived in shanghai?你離開(沒住在)上海多久了?
?比較 :he has written to me frequently since i was ill .
自從我病愈以來,他屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為狀態動詞)
he has written to me frequently since i fell ill.
自從我生病以來,他就屢次給我寫信。(從句謂語為終止性動詞)
三、若 since 引導的狀語從句的謂語為持續性動詞的現在完成時,則表示動作和狀態延續到現在(說話時刻),其表示的時間的起點應從動作的發生時算起。如:
i haven’t heard from him since he has lived there.這里has lived 表示動作的持續性,時間的起點應從:“開始居住” 時算起。因此此句可理解為“自從他(開始)住在那兒起,我就一直沒收到他的來信。”
試比較:1).since i’ve been at this school , we have had three headmasters.自從我來到這個學校已經換了三個校長了。
since i was at this school , we have had three headmaster.
自從我來到這所學校,我們已經換了三個校長了。
2).he has never been to see me since i have been ill.
自從我生病以來,他從未來看過我。
he has never been to see me since i was ill.
自從我病愈以來,他從未來看過我。
由此可見,since 引導的從句持續動詞的一般過去時和現在完成時所表示的意思恰好相反。換言之,前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內容,而后者的形式與內容是一致的。
至于it is + 一段時間+since…的句型與it has been +一段時間+since…意思相同。前者是規范說法,后者是口語說法。
it’s a long time since he studied english .他學英語很久了。
辨析since和for
since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。也就是說for 接一個時間段,since+時間起點(具體過去時間,如:1999; last+時間; 一段時間+ ago;一般過去時從句).
例如:
i have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
i have lived here since i was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
i worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
i have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) tom has studied russian for three years. = tom began to study russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) harry has got married for six years. = harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 harry got married six years ago. 或 harry has been married for six years.
Unit 6 A Great Young Athlete 篇2
unit 6 a great young athlete
單元語法
一、現在完成時用法 have(has)+過去分詞(done)
1.現在完成時用來表示現在之前已經發生過或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系,也就是說,動作或狀態發生在發生在過去但它的影響還存在。
i have lost my wallet.(含義是:現在我沒錢花了)
jane has laid the table.(含義是:已經可以吃飯了。)
2.現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的情況,常與for,since 連用。
mary has been ill for three days. i have lived here since 1998.
3.現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如 already, yet, just,before,recently,lately等:
he has already obtained a scholarship . i haven’t seen much of him recently (lately) .
we have seen that film before. have they found the missing child yet .
4.現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如 often,sometimes,ever,never,twice, on several occasions 等:
have you ever been to beijing? i have never heard bunny say anything against her.
5.現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用,如:如 now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/ week/ month/year,just, today,up to present,so far 等:
peter has written six papers so far .
there has been too much rain in san francisco this year.
6.現在完成時表示現在之前業已完成的動作,雖然其效果或影響依然存在但已不再繼續,但是有一些現在完成時的句子,在后面加上for+一段時間,則現在完成時的動作就表示延續性。
thomas has studied russian . (現在不再學俄語)
thomas has studied russian for three years. (=thomas began to study russian three years ago,and is still studying it now.(現在仍在學俄語)
7.現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重復發生的動作。we have had four texts this semester.
一、現在完成時的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”。
1.現在完成時的“完成用法”
現在完成時的“完成用法” 指的是動作發生在過去某一時刻并已結束,但
該動作對現在產生了影響,與現在情況具有因果關系。例如:he has
turned off the light.他已經把燈關了。(動作結束于過去,但說明的是現在的情況——燈現在
不亮了。)
現在完成時的“完成用法”的特點是動作不延續,因此,該時態只能與表示不定的過去時
間狀語(如:already, yet, before recently 等)頻度時間狀語(如:never,ever, once等)、包括現在時刻在內的時間狀語(如:this morning /month / year…,today等)連用。
例如:have you found your pen yet ? 你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎?
2.現在完成時的“未完成用法”
現在完成時的“未完成用法”指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻,一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去。
例如:he has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來,他一直住在這。(動作開始于1978年,一直住到現在,可能還要繼續住下去。)
i have been in the army for more than 5years.我在部隊已經呆了五年多了。(動作開始于5年前,一直延續至今,有可能還要繼續下去。)
此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since 或 for 引導),或表示與現在時刻相連的時間狀語(如:up to now, so far)等。
例如:i have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。
◆注意:(1)現在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續性動詞,不可用于終止性動詞,即瞬間完成或延續時間很短的動詞。如:come, go, arrive, leave, join, become, die等。
(2)現在完成時常見兩種句型:①主語+have/has been+for短語②it is+一段時間+since從句
例如:he has been in the league for three years.
或it is three years since he joined the league.他入團已三年了
三、比較過去時與現在完成時
1.過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in october, just now,具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:this morning , tonight, this april, now, once, before, already, recently, lately
現在完成時間的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時間狀語
3.現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例:
i saw this film yesterday.(強調看的動作發生過了。)
i have seen thin film.(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)
she has returned from paris .她已從巴黎回來了。she returned yesterday.她是昨天回來的。
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。(錯)tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
四、延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1.用于完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷;瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。
he has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。(表結果)
i’ve known him since then.我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2.用于till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……” 瞬間動詞用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”
he didn’t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10點才回來。
he slept until ten o’clock.他一直睡到10點