八年級英語上冊Units1-3 知識歸納（通用3篇）
八年級英語上冊Units1-3 知識歸納 篇1
八年級上冊units 7—9 知識歸納
一、詞語辨析：
1、win, beat
二者都有“打贏；取勝”之意，但賓語不同：
win后面所接的賓語一般是指一場比賽、一場辯論或一次戰(zhàn)斗等等。如：
he came first and won the race.他跑在最前面，贏得了這場比賽。
beat后面所接的往往是比賽、辯論或戰(zhàn)斗的對手，即賓語通常是人。如：
the girls' team beat us in the football match.在那場足球比賽中，女子隊打敗了我們。
i’m sure jim will win the match.
we won the first place in the sports meeting. 我們贏了第一名。
i’m afraid they will beat us.
i hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子隊，相當于人。)
2、join, join in, take part in
1)加入某黨派、某組織或某社會團體，用join，不可用join in。如：
①he will never forget the day when he joined the party.
他永遠也忘不了他入黨的那一天。
②his brother joined the army three years ago.
他哥哥是三年前參軍的。
join還可解釋為“連接”。如：
①the railway joined the two cities.
鐵路把兩個城市連接起來了。
②the two clauses are joined by a conjunction.
兩個分句由一個連詞連接起來。
2)說參加某種活動用join in，如說“與其人一起做某事”，則用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如：
①may i join in the game? 我可以參加這個游戲嗎？
②come and join us in the discussion. 來和我們一起討論吧！
③we are having supper now.would you like to join us?
我們正在吃晚飯，你也來和我們一起吃好嗎？
join in多指參加小規(guī)模的活動如“球賽、游戲”等，常用于日常口語。如：
①come along, and join in the ball game. 快，來參加球賽。
②why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你為什么沒參加座談？
3)take part in參加(群眾性活動、會議等)，往往指參加者持積極態(tài)度.起一份作用。如：
①a great number of students took part in may 4 movement.
大批學(xué)生參加了五四運動。
②we are going to have an english evening. do you want to take part?
我們準備舉辦一個英語晚會，你想?yún)⒓訂幔?
③how many of you are going to take part?
你們多少人準備參加？
④all the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.
所有的學(xué)生都積極參加了大掃除。
4) attend主要用于參加比較重要的場合與會議。
he did not attend the meeting yesterday.
昨天他沒有參加會議。
中考題：
※the vips from 21 countries will ___the apec in shanghai this autumn.（XX年上海中考題）
a. hold b. take part in
c. join d. attend
解析：詞匯的辨析使用很多是約定俗成，不能想當然，更不能按照中文意思去硬搬。hold是舉行的意思，比如hold a meeting，hold a conference。但是這道題不是舉行而是參加的意思，出席會議按照英文慣用法用attend a meeting，take part in 是指參加大型的活動，join是指參加黨政，團體，組織，比如入黨，join the party。所以這道題選擇d
※the children planted more trees and flowers after they _______greener china. (XX年遼寧省中考題)
a.joined b.took part in c.became d.were
解析：本題考查join的用法，join為“參加某一個組織”；take part in為“參加某一活動”。故選a。
3、because, because of
because是連詞，其后接句子；because of是復(fù)合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞、what從句等。如：
i didn’t buy it because it was too expensive. 我沒有買是因為它太貴了。
he is here because of you （that）. 他為你（那事）而來這里。
he lost his job because of his age. 由于年齡關(guān)系他失去了工作。
we said nothing about it， because of his wife’s being there. 因為他妻子在那兒，我們對此只字未提。
he knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因為他說的話。
注意：because of 之后可接 what 從句，但不能接 that 從句或沒有引導(dǎo)詞的句子。如：
他因生病沒有來。
誤：he didn’t come because of he was ill.
誤：he didn’t come because of that he was ill.
正：he didn’t come because he was ill.
正：he didn’t come because of his illness.
比較以下同義句：
他離開了這家公司，是因為老板在會上講的話。
正：he left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting.
正：he left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting.
我不能因為有個家就停止斗爭。
正：i can’t stop fighting because i have a family.
正：i can’t stop fighting because of having a family.
二、被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)考點例析
a、考查要點：
主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時以及一般現(xiàn)在時帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的用法。例如：
1. today chinese _____by more and more people around the world.
a. was spoken b. is spoken c. spoke d. speak
（北京市大綱卷）
2. -what should we do first if we want to develop our village？
-a lot of new roads _____，i think.
a. have to build b. must build c. have built d. must be built
（湖北黃岡）
（key：1. b 2. d）
簡析：被動語態(tài)的句子是由助動詞be＋動詞的過去分詞這一形式構(gòu)成的。過去分詞永遠不變，所有的變化即人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，都體現(xiàn)在助動詞be的變化上。
b、特殊情況：
（一）在沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，by＋動作的執(zhí)行者可以省略。
1. i won’t leave my office until my work .
a. finish b. will finish c. are finished d. is finished
（江蘇南通）
簡析：d.動作的執(zhí)行者很明確，可以省略。
（二）不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，使用被動語態(tài)比較適宜。
2. dad， the phone is ringing. i guess either you or mum_____on the phone.
a. is wanted b. are wanted c. wants d. want
（江蘇宿遷）
簡析：a.不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。
（三）用于被動語態(tài)的短語動詞不可丟掉動詞后面的介詞或副詞。
3. students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. （改為被動語態(tài)）
magazines can’t _____ the reading-room by students.
（重慶市）
簡析：填be taken out of.take out of為短語動詞，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，不要漏掉out of.
（四）帶雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，常有兩種方法：把主動語態(tài)的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，間接賓語前通常加介詞to或for；或把主動語態(tài)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，直接賓語不變。
4. my uncle sent me a christmas present last year.（改為被動語態(tài)）
a christmas present _____ to me by my uncle last year.
（重慶市）
簡析：填was sent.
c、補充說明：
（一）一般將來時的被動語態(tài)
1. the village is building a school. i hope it _____ before august this year.
a. finishes b. will finish c. is finished d. will be finished
（江西省大綱卷）
簡析：d.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：will/shall＋be＋及物動詞的過去分詞。
（二）現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
2. china’s sports stars yao ming and liu xiang _____ goodwill ambassadors（親善大使）for shanghai.
a. has been named b. have been named
c. has named d. have named
（江蘇徐州）
簡析：b.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has been＋及物動詞的過去分詞。
八年級英語上冊Units1-3 知識歸納 篇2
八年級上冊units 4--6知識歸納
一、詞語辨析：
1、arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物動詞，后面要跟in或at。表示到達大城市或國家時要用in，而到達小城市、鄉(xiāng)村、車站等小地方則用at。如:
we arrived in london last week. 我們上周到達倫敦。
the doctor arrived at the village at last. 醫(yī)生終于到達了那個村子。
reach是"獨行俠"，是及物動詞，后面從來不跟介詞，直接跟賓語(地點名詞)就行了。如:
when did you reach the station? 你是什么時間到達車站的?
he reached nanjing at noon. 他是中午到達南京的。
get是不及物動詞后面要接to再接地點名詞，.當“到達”的地點是副詞時，就不帶它了。如:
ann got to the farm at six o‘clock. 安六點鐘到達農(nóng)場.
i got here early in the morning. 我一大早就到這兒了.
注意：如果不指明到達的地點就不能用get，而要用arrive.如:
when i arrived, they weren‘t there. 當我到達時,他們不在那兒.
2、sick, ill
（1）都可譯為“生病的”。ill只在系動詞后作表語：
her mother was ill in bed. she feels ill today.
但sick既可作表語： her mother was sick / ill in bed. （作表語常是美國英語用法）
也可作定語（即后接名詞）：jane is taking care of her sick mother.
(此處是定語，不可用ill. 原因見下文ill用法)
（2）若ill作定語，譯為“壞的，惡劣的”an ill person一個壞人
sick作表語時也常譯為“惡心的，想吐的”。
the boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
3、other, another, the other
another與the other 和others 與the others都來源于other這個詞。
其用法是:
another泛指三個或三個以上的人或物中沒有確定的另一個；
another+數(shù)字+名詞= 數(shù)字+more+名詞；
the other則指已知的兩個人或兩事物中的另一個。(one…,the other….)
others或 other+ 名詞，泛指“別的人或別的物”；
the others指“一定范圍內(nèi)的其余的人或物”。
注意:若強調(diào)確定數(shù)目中的“一(幾)個”與其余的,用one...the others或“the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
經(jīng)典考例:
1) shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for ________ two weeks. (上海卷)
a. another b. other c. the other d. other’s
2) if you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay ________ $15.(nmet )
a. another b. other c. more d. each
3) one of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________ . (京、皖春季卷)
a. the other is white b. another white c. the other white d. another is white
4) sarah has read lots of stories by american writers. now she would like to read ________ stories by writers from ________ countries.(nmet ’97)
a. some; any b. other; some c. some; other d. other; other
5) -have you finished your report yet?
-no, i’ll finish in ________ ten minutes.(nmet ’95)
a. another b. other c. more d. less
keys：aacca
二、形容詞，副詞的比較級、最高級
（一）、規(guī)則變化
1.一般在詞尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest
5.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構(gòu)成比較級和most構(gòu)成最高級，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
（二）、形容詞，副詞等級的用法
a、原級的用法
1.只能修飾原級的詞，very，quite，so，too
例如，he is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。
my brother runs so fast that i can‘t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”
例如，tom is as old as kate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大。
tom is twice as old as kate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的二倍。
“甲+實意動詞+(倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”
例如，tom runs as fast as mike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。
tom runs twice as fast as mike.湯姆跑得速度是邁克的二倍。
(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如，this room is not as/so big as that one. 這個房間不如那個大。
“甲+助動詞+not+動詞原形+as/so+副詞原級+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如，he doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那樣慢。
b、比較級的用法
1.可以修飾比較級的詞，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一點兒 even甚至，still仍然
例如，lesson one is much easier than lesson two.第一課比第二課容易得多。
tom looks even younger than before.湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。
this train runs much faster than that one.這輛火車比那輛跑地快。
she drives still more carefully than her husband.她開車仍然比她丈夫還認真。
2.比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+形容詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…幾倍”
例如，tom is taller than kate.湯姆比凱特高。
this room is three times bigger than that one.這個房間比那個大三倍。
“甲+實意動詞+(倍數(shù))+副詞比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…幾倍”
例如，i got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。
he runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
(2)“甲+be+形容詞比較級+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語)”表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個人/物都……”，含義是“甲最……”。
例如，the yangtze river is longer than any other river in china.
=the yangtze river is longer than any of the other rivers in china.長江比中國的任何一條其他的河都長。
=the yangtze river is longer than the other rivers in china.長江比中國的其他所有的河都長。
=the yangtze river is the longest river in china.長江是中國最長的河流。
注意：the yangtze river is longer than any river in japan.長江比日本的任何一條河都長。
“甲+實意動詞+副詞比較級+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語)”表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個人/物都……”，含義是“甲最……”。
例如，mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.邁克比他們班上任何一個其他的同學(xué)到校都早。
= mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.邁克比他們班上其他的同學(xué)到校都早。
= mike gets to school earliest in his class.邁克在他們班到校最早。
注意：mike gets to school earlier than any student in tom’s class.邁克比湯姆班上任何一個學(xué)生到校都早。(邁克和湯姆不是同一個班)
(3)“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級+of the two+……”表示“甲是兩者中較……的”。
例如，look at the two boys. my brother is the taller of the two.看那兩個男孩，我弟弟是兩個當中較高的那個。
(4)“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。
例如，he is getting taller and taller.他變得越來越高了。
the flowers are more and more beautiful.花兒越來越漂亮。
he does his homework more and more carefully.他做作業(yè)越來越認真了。
(5)“the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越……，越……”。
例如，the more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越認真，犯的錯誤越少。
(6)“特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級，甲or乙？”
例如，which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一個大，地球還是月球？
“特殊疑問詞+實意動詞+副詞比較級，甲or乙？”
例如，who draws better，jenny or danny？誰畫得比較好，詹妮還是丹尼？
c、最高級常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)“主語+be+the+形容詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如，tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.湯姆是他們班上/所有學(xué)生當中最高的。
this apple is the biggest of the five.這個蘋果是五個當中最大的。
“主語+實意動詞+(the)+副詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如，i jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我們班跳得最遠的。
(2)“主語+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
例如，beijing is one of the largest cities in china.北京是中國最大城市之一。
(3)“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比較。
例如，which country is the largest，china，brazil or canada？哪一個國家最大，中國，巴西還是加拿大？
“特殊疑問詞+be+the+副詞最高級+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比較
例如，which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜歡哪一個季節(jié)，春天，夏天還是秋天？
八年級英語上冊Units1-3 知識歸納 篇3
八年級上冊units 1-3 知識歸納
一、詞語辨析：
1、little, a little, few, a few
中考題：
（1）“what are you going to buy?”“i’m going to buy ______ bananas.”
a. a little b. a few c. little d. few 1997年福建省中考題
【評】答案是b。此題考查a little / little與a few / few的用法區(qū)別。a little / little修飾不可數(shù)名詞：a little意為“一點兒”；little意為“幾乎沒有”，有否定含義。a few / few修飾可數(shù)名詞：其中a few意為“幾個”，有肯定含義；few意為“少數(shù)幾個”，有否定含義。此句是肯定句，且banana是可數(shù)名詞，故選b。
（2）—“can you speak chinese, peter?” —“yes, but only .”
a. little b. few c. a little d. a few
（3）—“can you speak chinese, peter?” —“yes, but only .”
a. little b. few c. a little d. a few
（4）the text is very easy for you . there are _______ new words in it .
a. a few b. a little c. few d. little
（5）the english novel is quite easy for you. there are new words in it.
a. a little b. little c. a few d. few
2、maybe, may be
maybe是副詞，在句子中不能作謂語，意為“也許”，它通常放在句首；may be是情態(tài)動詞 may + be 構(gòu)成謂語，意為“可能是”。如：
maybe they will win the football game this time.(= they may win the football game this time.) 也許這次他們會贏得這場足球賽。
he may be there alone, but i'm not sure.(= maybe he is there alone, but i'm not sure.) 他也許一個人在那兒，但我不能肯定。
(1) the pretty girl ______ our new classmate.
(2) ______ my father is at home.
解析：maybe是副詞，意思是“也許、可能”，在句中作狀語，常居于句首。而may be結(jié)構(gòu)中，may是情態(tài)動詞，be是動詞原形，兩者構(gòu)成完整的謂語形式，意為“也許是，可能是”，故答案是： (1)may be (2)maybe
3、how long, how far, how often, how many, how much,
how long多久，用于提問一段時間。
-how long do you sleep every night?
-for nine hours.
how far多遠，用于提問一段距離
-how far is your home from school?
-it’s five kilometres away.
how often多久一次，用于提問頻率。
-how often do you exercise?
-i exercise three times a week.
how many/much多少，修飾可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，用于提問數(shù)量。
-how many books do you have?
-seven.
-how much tea do you need?
-a cup.
二、語法：
（一）、情態(tài)動詞用法小結(jié)
情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，如需要、可能、意愿或懷疑，有一定的詞義，但不完整，其后一定要跟不帶to的動詞不定式（即動詞原形）（ought to除外）。另外情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情態(tài)動詞had better, have to。其用法如下：
1. can與could
can與could意為“能；會”，表示請求，could是can的過去式，在表示請求時沒有時間上的差別，只是語氣比can委婉。表示允許或征求對方意見時，可代替may。如：
① —can you swim?
—yes, i can.
② —can i ask you a question?
—yes, of course you can.
2. may與might
二者表示請求許可時，意為“可以”；還可以表示可能性、推測。might是may的過去式形式。如：you may go now.
3. must與have to
must表示說話人的主觀看法；have to表示客觀需要。如：
① you are weak in english, so you must work hard at it. （表示主觀）
② it's too late. i have to go home. （表示客觀）
注： must表示推測時，意為“一定”，只用于肯定句。如：
he must be in hospital, because he is ill badly.
must意為“必須”時，其否定式是needn't。如：
—must i go home?
—no, you needn't.
4. need
need意為“需要”，既可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作實義動詞，need作情態(tài)動詞時主要用于疑問句或否定句，其否定式為needn't；作實義動詞時有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，肯定形式為need to do,否定形式為don't need to do。如：
need you wear warm clothes? （情態(tài)動詞）
you needn't worry about me. （情態(tài)動詞）
do you need to have a good rest? （實義動詞）
he need to see a doctor because he doesn't feel well. （實義動詞）
5. shall與 should
should是shall的過去式，用于第一人稱中，表示詢問或征求意見，用于肯定句時可譯為“應(yīng)該”。如：
shall we go swimming?
what should i do?
6. will與would
will用于將來時態(tài)，表示詢問對方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請。would是will的過去式，往往表示意愿或請求。如：
he would like to have a rest.
7. had better
had better意為“最好”，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動詞原形, 其否定式為：had better not。如：
you'd better hand in your homework on time.
he'd better not be late for school.
（二）聚焦一般疑問句和特殊疑問句
[聚焦一] 一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的定義
一般疑問句是對某一情況“是、否”提出質(zhì)疑，常用yes或no回答，朗讀時常用升調(diào)。
特殊疑問句是以特殊疑問詞開頭，對陳述句中的某一部分提出疑問的句子。朗讀時常用降調(diào)。
[聚焦二] 一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及應(yīng)答。
一、 一般疑問句
1. 含有系動詞be或情態(tài)動詞的陳述句，變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?i’m a policeman. → are you a policeman? i can help you. → can you help me?
2. 若陳述句的謂語動詞是行為動詞：he likes to play football. → does he like to play football?
3. 一般疑問句的應(yīng)答。回答時，注意采用相應(yīng)的人稱代詞以避免重復(fù)，否定回答時還要注意縮寫，不過am與not不能縮寫為amn‘t。如：
① —is he a student?
—yes, he is.
② —can you speak english?
—no, i can‘t.
③ —do you like singing?
—yes, i do.
④ —would you like to come to my home?
—yes, i‘d love to.
二、 特殊疑問句
1. 特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成：“特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句”。如：how old are you?
2. 特殊疑問句的應(yīng)答不用“yes/no”, 應(yīng)作具體回答。如：
—what time is it, please?
—it’s 7:30 a.m.
3. 特殊疑問句中的疑問詞的選用是最關(guān)鍵的。那么特殊疑問詞有哪些呢？
① 疑問代詞可在疑問句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。常見的有：what，who，whose，which等。
如： —what colour is it? —it’s red.
② 疑問副詞可在疑問句中作狀語、定語。常見的有: when，where, how，how many，how much, how tall，how old，why等。如：
a. —how tall are you?
—i’m 1.60 meters.
b.—how far is it from here to your home?
—it’s 30 kilometers away.