Unit1 Eating Around the World-grammar學案

unit1 eating around the world-grammar學案
一.快捷識記
現在分詞作狀語時，常可以表達伴隨、原因、結果、時間、條件、讓步情況，如：      
1.表伴隨:伴隨狀語出現的條件是由一個主語發出兩個動作或同一個主語處于兩種狀態，或同一個主語發出一個動作時又伴隨有某一種狀態。伴隨狀語的邏輯主語一般情況下必須是全句的生語，伴隨狀語與謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態是同時發生的.
  "can't you read?" mary said angrily， pointing to the notice.
   the children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
   they stood there for an hour, watching the game.
   she sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
   traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
   following the guide, they started to climb.
2.表原因
having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
having read the letter, she got very excited.（完成式）
seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
注：
   having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.
  （分詞完成式的肯定式）
        not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.
  （分詞完成式的否定式）
3.表結果
his parents were killed in the accident, leaving him an orphan.
the bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
注： 現在分詞表示必然結果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的結果，前可加only.
he was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. (表示在意料之中)
i hurried to school, only to find that it was sunday. (表示在意料之外)
4.表時間
when crossing the road, please be careful.
don’t mention this while talking to him.
on arriving in london, he managed to get in touch with her. =as soon as he arrived in london, ….
5.表條件
working hard, you’ll get a good achievement.
turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site.
6.表讓步
working so hard, he failed again.
使用時注意：
1） 分詞表示的必須是主語發出的動作；
2） 分詞表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態是同時發生的；
3） 分詞表示的是次要的動作，對謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態加以補充說明；
4） 表示時間關系的連接短語有時還可以由連接詞while或when引導。

二 .隨堂練習
( )1. _______ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90’全國)
a. given b. to give c. giving d. having given.
( )2. the computer center, ________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school(93’全國)
a. open b. opening c. having opened d. opened