The United Kingdom（Period 4 Language Focusing）
the british museum is the oldest, and one of the largest museums in the world.where else can you see some of the greatest treasures of all time under one roof?here you can see at first hand the elgin marbles, the portland vase, the lewis chessmen, the sutton hoo treasure, to name only a few of the wondrous collections awaiting you.you will be fascinated by the egyptian mummies, and inspired by the superb exhibition of prints and drawings which changes several times a year.allow plenty of time for your visit—the british museum is a vast storehouse of treasures.better still, why not visit several times, concentrating on just one exhibit each time?
in 1753 the government of the day bought the collection of sir hans sloan, a wealthy doctor who practised in chelsea.the collection consisted of over 80 000 curios including fossils, plants, coins, medals and prints.this unlikely assortment formed the beginning of what has become certainly the biggest, and probably one of the best museum collections in the world.an act of parliament established the british museum as the world’s first public museum.the cottonian library formed by the harleys, earls of oxford, was immediately added to the collection.in 1757 george ⅱ presented the royal library to the museum.in 1823 george ⅲ conferred on the museum the right to a copy of every book printed.this right continues to the present day.
by this time, with the acquisition of enormous quantities of antiquities, artefacts, discoveries from all over the world and many bequests, it became apparent that more space to house the ever growing collection was essential.in 1823 robert and sydney smith submitted their designs for the new purpose built british museum.the work was carried out over the next thirty years and what emerged was one of london’s most awe-inspiring buildings.designed in the greek revival style, this magnificent building has an ionic colonnade and portico complete with pediment frieze.by the 1850’s the site included the great court, in the middle of which was built the round reading room, surmounted by one of the largest domes in the world.in spite of the expansion, space once again proved to be a problem and a new home was found for the natural history collection; this was transferred to south kensington in the 1880’s; and is now known as the natural history museum.
another major change to the museum took place when it was decided to remove the british library to new purpose built premises at st.pancras.this enormous undertaking begun in the 1970’s was not completed until 1998.