Working the land(Period 2 Learning about Language)
record after teaching
activities and researchwhen leading in the grammar part,you may give the students some examples about the -ing form as a noun and encourage the students to sum up the grammatical rules.then the teacher may ask the students to make up as many sentences as possible to consolidate it.
reference for teachinggrammar
動名詞一、概述和不定式一樣,動名詞也是非謂語動詞的一種,它通常由動詞原形加-ing構成。動名詞有主動和被動兩種語態,有一般式,完成式和進行式三種形式。如下表所示:
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主動
被動
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
完成進行式
having been doing
無動名詞仍保留有動詞的特征,可以和自己的邏輯主語、賓語和狀語等構成動名詞短語。動名詞具有名詞的功能,在句中可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。二、動名詞的時態和語態形式1.動名詞的時態形式①一般式動名詞的一般式表示動作或狀態與謂語動詞的動作同時發生,或者表示一種無時間性限制的經常性、習慣性的動作或狀態。he enjoys writing letters in english.他喜歡用英語寫信。many young people like playing football.許多年輕人喜歡踢足球。②完成式動名詞的完成式表示動作或狀態先于謂語動詞的動作或狀態,如:they regret having been unable to help you.他們為沒能幫上你的忙而遺憾。after having written the letter,he went to post it.他寫完信,就去寄它了。she regretted having missed the film.她后悔沒有看到那部電影。③完成進行式動名詞的完成進行時表示動作發生于謂語動作之前,并一直持續到謂語動詞的動作發生之時,或繼續。如:forgive me for my having been interrupting you so much.原諒我打擾你這么久。2.動名詞的被動式當動名詞的邏輯主語是動名詞動作的承受者時,用被動式。如:he climbed through the window without being seen.他從窗口爬進去,沒有被人發現。she needs to work without being disturbed (=without people disturb her).她要在無人干擾的情況下才能工作。動名詞的被動語態分成一般式和完成式兩種。如:the railway is in the process of being constructed.鐵路在興建中。after having kept a prisoner in the bastille for many years,dr manette had recently been set free.曼奈特醫生被關在巴士底監獄許多年后,最近獲釋。特別提示:-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義在want,need,deserve,require 等動詞后,總是用-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義,相當于“to be+過去分詞”。如:my watch needs repairing (= to be repaired ).我的手表需要修理。the house wants cleaning.這房屋需要打掃。在worth這個形容詞后情形也是這樣。如:the film is worth seeing.這部影片值得一看。the place is worth visiting.那個地方值得一游。