Working the land(Period 2 Learning about Language)
三、動(dòng)名詞的否定式動(dòng)名詞的否定式通常是在動(dòng)名詞前加否定詞not。例如:i apologize for my not having kept promise.我沒(méi)能遵守諾言,十分抱歉。i regret not being able to help you.我很抱歉不能幫助你。1.作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子有兩種形式:(1)動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語(yǔ)的位置上。playing tricks on others is something we should never do.捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬(wàn)不能干的。learning new words is very important for me.學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。talking is easier than doing。說(shuō)比做容易。(2)用形式主語(yǔ)it,把真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)用~結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制,作表語(yǔ)的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞,如useful,useless,good,fun，no use,worth等。例如:it is useless trying to argue with shylock.和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。it’s worth making the effort.這事值得去做。is it any good trying to explain?想再解釋一次有好處嗎?it is pleasant working with you.跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。(3)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“it is impossible to do...”。例如:there is no hiding of evil but not to do it.若要人不知,除非己莫為。there is no joking about such matter。這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。there was no knowing when he would leave.無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。注意:動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較:動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式則通常表示具體的動(dòng)作。例如:as a child,she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure.還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,她就覺(jué)得探視病人是一種責(zé)任,也是一種愉悅。being a guest in an american home will be a good experience for me.到美國(guó)人家里做客對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。doing nothing is doing ill.什么也不做就是作惡。he said,“to go on like this is no use.”他說(shuō):“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無(wú)用的。”it’s an honour for me to be invited to the party.我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。歸納:常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有:it +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的it is/was no good/use doing 做……是沒(méi)用處的it is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得it is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的there is no doing 無(wú)法……,不允許……there is no sense in doing 做……沒(méi)有道理there is/was no use doing 干……無(wú)意義 there is/was nothing worse than doing 沒(méi)有比……更糟的there is/was no point doing 干……無(wú)意義there was no knowing where we would go.我們不知道要去哪兒。there is no point doing such a silly thing.做這件傻事毫無(wú)意義。注意:there is no need to do sth.干……沒(méi)必要,在此句式中to do 不可換為doing。there is no need to tell her.沒(méi)有必要告訴她。提示:當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。