Science versus nature教案
5.the only thing needed is just a cell from your old pet.
step iii the usage of verb-ed phrases
a verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object or /and adverbial. the verb-ed phrases can be used as the adverbial (狀語) to express the time, the reason and condition
1.a verb-ed phrase can be a verb-ed on its own. it can also be followed by an object and/or adverbial.
1) she left the restaurant, disappointed.
2) she left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.
3) heated, water changes into steam.
4) the girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured.
5) the girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.
2.passive verb-ed phrases can express time, reason and condition. we can use adverbial clauses(狀語從句) to rewrite the phrases.
1) time
seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
= when the park is seen from the hill, it looks very beautiful.
when completed, the museum will be open to the public.
= when it is completed, the museum will be open to the public.
once seen, it can never be forgotten. = once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.
2) reason
frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.
= because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.
lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
= because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
3) condition
given more time, we could do it much better.
= if we were given more time, we could do it much better.
unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
= unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.
= if she was compared with other professors…
3. understood subject(邏輯主語)
1)the understood subject is usually the same as the subject of the main clause. (refer to the above sentences)
2) when verb-ed is used as adverbial(狀語) or predicative(表語), its understood subject is the subject of the main sentence.
she became discouraged at the news.
3)動詞－ed形式作定語時,它的邏輯主語是被它修飾的名詞，它和名詞之間是被動關系。
the first textbooks written for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
4) verb－ed形式在句中作賓語補足語或主語補足語時，它的邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語,它們之間的關系是被動關系。
vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.
(trapped的邏輯主語是句子的賓語fingers)