Great scientists（Period 5 Grammar）
(two minutes later, let the students read these sentences with past participles as the predicative.)s1: neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.s2: he knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.s3: he got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.s4: they were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the broad street pump.s5: he found that it came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from london.s6: immediately john snow told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used....step 4 practisingt: from the sentences mentioned just now, what do you know about the usage of past participles as the attribute and the predicative?s: we use past participles as attributes when we want to join two clauses together.t: yes, very good.now let’s look at the screen and finish the exercises quickly.past participle as the attributepast participle as the predicative1.terrified people2.reserved seats3.polluted water4.a crowded room5.a pleased winner6.7.8.9.10.1.2.3.4.5.6.children who look astonished7.a vase that is broken8.a door that is closed9.the audience who feel tired10.an animal that is trappedsuggested answers: 1.people who are terrified 2.seats which are reserved 3.water which is polluted 4.a room which is crowded 5.a winner who is pleased 6.astonished children 7.a broken vase 8.a closed door 9.the tired audience 10.a trapped animal過去分詞作定語, 在語態上, 表被動; 在時間上, 表示動作已經發生或完成, 與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。過去分詞作定語時, 所修飾的名詞在邏輯上相當于被動句中的主語, 過去分詞相當于謂語。如: the destroyed house will be rebuilt next year.這種情況下的過去分詞為及物動詞的過去分詞。 不及物動詞的過去分詞很少能單獨作前置定語, 少數表示狀態改變或位置轉移的動詞的過去分詞可前置, 僅表示時間的完成, 無被動意義。而現在分詞表示動作正在進行。如: falling leaves正在下落的樹葉 a developing country發展中國家 the boiling water沸水fallen leaves落葉 a developed country發達國家 the boiled water(涼）開水t: besides this, the past participle can be put after the noun to modify the noun form, for example, the famous writer’s play, mentioned in one of my books, was published in 1963. do you understand the sentence?s: the famous writer’s play, which was mentioned in one of my books, was published in 1963.t: yes, very good.in this sentence we can get two pieces of information.a: the famous writer’s play was published in 1963. b: the play was mentioned in one of my books.now, let’s do some exercises to combine two sentences together using past participle as the attribute.