Great scientists（Period 5 Grammar）
the exciting news that chinese athletes won over 20 gold medals in sydney olympic games inspired all of us.（單個現在分詞作前置定語, 表示被修飾詞所發出的動作, 即the news was exciting.）the building lying on the west of the sea cost some 20 000 000 dollars.（現在分詞短語作后置定語, 相當于一個定語從句that lies）現在分詞表示主動的動作或正在進行的主動動作, 如: boiling water, the rising sun, developing country; 過去分詞表示被動動作或已完成的動作, 如: boiled water, the risen sun, developed country。2.分詞作后置定語應注意: (1) 現在分詞表示的動作: ①一個正在進行的動作, 如: can you see the ship disappearing (that is disappearing) in the distance?②表示將來的動作, 如: can you tell me the number of people coming to the party (who will come to the party)?③表示某個經常性的動作或狀態, 如; the girl looking after (who looks after) harry’s children gets 200 dollars a week.(2) 過去分詞表示的動作: ①發生在謂語動詞的動作之前, 如: is this the book written (that was written) by henry james?②與句中謂語動詞是相應的經常性的動作, 如: he was then a professor respected (that was respected) by all the teachers and students of the college.③being+過去分詞結構表示動作正在進行, 如: the 65-storeyed building being built (that is being built) will be run by a us company.正在建設的那座65層大樓將由一家美國公司經營。④to be+過去分詞結構表示一個將來動作, 如: he was invited to the conference to be held (that will be held) in shanghai in may .分詞前置we can see the rising sun.我們可以看到東升的旭日。he is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人。分詞后置 (i.分詞詞組; ii.個別分詞如given, left; iii.修飾不定代詞 something等)there was a girl sitting there.有個女孩坐在那里。this is the question given.這是所給的問題。there is nothing interesting.沒有有趣的東西。過去分詞作定語 與其修飾的詞是被動關系, 相當于一個被動語態的定語從句。most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa.典型例題1) the first textbook __________ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. a.have writtenb.to be writtenc.being writtend.written解析：書與寫作是被動關系, 應用過去分詞作定語表被 動, 相當于定語從句 which is written。 答案：d2）what’s the language __________ in germany?a.speaking b.spoken c.be spoken d.to speak