2018高考二輪復習英語教案: 介詞和連詞

一、介詞的句法功能
介詞不能獨立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構成介詞短語在句中充當一個成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關系。
1、作定語：the book on the table is mine.
2、作狀語：we have breakfast at seven.（表時間）；they were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；they started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）
3、作表語：my dictionary is in the bag.
4、作賓語補足語：i found him in the office.
二、主要介詞區別
1、表示時間的at, in, on：at表示片刻的時間，如：at 8 o’clock ，常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at christmas, at new year等。in表示一段的時間，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in october, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on總是跟日子有關，on monday, on christmas morning, on the following, on may day, on a warm morning等。
2、表示時間的since和from：since表示從過去到現在的一段時間的過程，常與現在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點開始，不涉及與現在的關系。一般多與現在時、過去時、將來時連用。如：i hope to do morning exercises from today./ we have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示時間的in和after：兩者都表示“在（某個時間）之后”，區別在于in表示“在（一段時間）之后”，而after則表示“在（某一具體時間點之后）”，in短語和將來時態連用，after短語和過去時態或將來時態連用。如：we’ll be back in three days./ after seven the rain began to fall./ what shall we do after graduation?
注意：after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后（常用在過去時里）。如：after two months he returned.
4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范圍內，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環境范圍之外。如：changchun is in the northeast of china./ mongolia is on the north of china./ japan is to the east of china.
5、表示“在……上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：there is a book on the piece of paper./ there is an interesting article in the newspaper./ he dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示“穿過……”的through和across：through表示從內部通過，與in 有關；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與on有關。如： water flows through the pipe./ the old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是內面，也不是外面，而含內外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角處”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：the lamp stands in the corner of the room./ i met with him at the street corner./ he sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“終于”解，可單獨使用，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……盡頭”，既可指時間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨使用；by the end of 作“在……結束時”，“到……末為止”解，只能指時間。不可單獨使用。如：in the end they reached a place of safety./ at the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ they decided to have an english evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.