2018高考二輪復習英語教案: 介詞和連詞
連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞是連接主語與主語,謂語與謂語,句子與句子,分詞與分詞的詞,它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語法作用;而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句,從句形式有名詞性從句,定語從句和狀語從句等
一、并列連詞:
并列連詞可用來連接詞與詞,詞組與詞組,分句與分句。常用的并列連詞有:and(和),as well as(既…又),both … and(不但…而且),not only … but also(不但…而且),not … but(不是…而是),neither … nor(既不…也不),either … or(不是…就是),or(或者),but (但是),yet(然而),for(因為),so(所以),while(而),when(這時)等。如:both my brother and my sister are teachers./ his room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)./ he can not only repair radios but also fix them./ it is a glorious(光榮的)yet difficult task./ strike while iron is hot.
二、從屬連詞
從屬連詞是指在復合句中引導從句的連結詞。常見的從屬連詞有:
引導時間狀語從句的:after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as
引導原因狀語從句的:because, since, as
引導讓步狀語從句的:although, though, no matter(無論), even if (though)
引導條件狀語從句的:if, unless, once, so (as) long as
引導結果狀語從句的:so … that …, such … that …
引導目的狀語從句的:so that …, in order that …
引導比較狀語從句的:as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than …
引導方式狀語從句的:as if …
引導主語,賓語或表語從句的連詞主要有:that, whether, if三個。其中that 和whether間或還可以引起同位從句和狀語從句。
三、某些用法比較特殊的從屬連詞用法區別
1、當while, when, as引導時間狀語從句時的區別:
①while引導的狀語從句中動詞必須是持續性。謂語動詞多為進行時,或狀態動詞的一般時。while 的這些用法可用when代替,等于 “at the time that”, “during the time that”。例如:please keep quiet while (when) others are studying;
② when除可指一段時間外,還可用來指一點時間,等于 “at the time”,也就是說when引出的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞可以是終止性的,也可以延續性的。因此主句和從句的謂語可以是一般時,進行時,或完成時。例如:when i went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.(when不能換成while)he often makes mistakes when he is speaking english.(when可換成while)
③as常可與when,while通用,但強調“一邊、一邊”。例如:as (when, while) i was walking down the street, i noticed a police car in front of number 37.
④when引導的狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致,主、謂是“主語+系動詞”結構時,這時主語和系動詞可以省略。例如:when (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ she’ll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary.
⑤when有時代替if,引導條件句,意為“如果”、“假如”,例如:i’ll come when (if) i’m free.