高三英語專項復習教案
a few industries have led the way in their ability to gather and take advantage of the data. credit-card companies monitor every purchase and can identify cheats with a high degree of accuracy. stolen credit cards are more likely to be used to buy hard liquor than wine, for example, because it is easier to overlook. insurance firms are also good at combining clues to spot doubtful claims: dishonest claims are more likely to be made on a monday than a tuesday, since policyholders (保險客戶) who stage accidents tend to assemble friends as false witnesses over the weekend. by combining many such rules, it is possible to work out which cards are likeliest to have been stolen, and which claims are untrue. by analyzing “basket data”, supermarkets can make promotions to appeal to particular customers’ preferences. the oil industry uses supercomputers to help them before drilling wells.
but the data flood also poses risks. there are many examples of databases being stolen: disks full of social-security data go missing, laptops loaded with tax records are left in taxis, credit-card numbers are stolen by online purchase. the result can be privacy made public, identity stolen and cheats permitted large space. rather than owning and controlling their own personal data, they very often find that they have lost control of it.
the best way to deal with the data flood is to make more data available in the right way, by requiring greater transparency in several areas. first, users should be given greater access to and control over the information held about them, including whom it is shared with. google allows users to see what information it holds about them, and lets them delete their search histories or modify the targeting of advertising, for example. second, organizations should be required to disclose details of security breaches, as is already the case in some parts of the world, to encourage bosses to take information security more seriously. third, organizations should be subject to an annual security check, with the resulting grade made public (though details of any problems exposed would not be). this would encourage companies to keep their security measures up to date.
59. what is the best title for this passage?
a. information flood b. benefits of data flood
c. harms of data flood d. how to use data in a right way