2019高考英語備考 動詞時態和語態
(7)過去進行時考點分析。
①過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某一階段內發生或頻繁發生。
②某一動作發生時另一動作正在發生,其中一個在由when或while引導的時間狀語從句中。
(8)現在完成時考點分析。
①現在完成時除可以和for、since引導的狀語連用外,還可以和下面的介詞短語連用:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用現在完成時
it is (has been) + 一段時間 + since從句
this(tha t / it)is the first(second…)time that + 完成時
this(that / it)is the only … + that + 完成時
this(that / it)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 從句 + 完成時
③在時間或條件狀語從句中,現在完成時可以代替一般將來時。如:
i shall post the letter as soon as i have written it.
if you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
(9)注意幾組時態的區別:
①一般過去時與現在完成時:時間上有差異:凡有過去時間的均用過去時態,不能用完成時態,如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
結果上有差異:現在完成時強調的是對“現在”的影響和結果,動作到現在剛完成或還在繼續;一般過去時強調的是動作發生在“過去”,和現在毫無關系。[]
②過去完成時與一般過去時:過去完成時強調的是“過去的過去”;如出現同一主語連續幾個動作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過去時即可。
2、被動語態考查要點簡述
被動語態的構成方式:be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。被動語態的基本用法:不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態。強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(by短語有時可以省略)。
(1)使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題。
①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化。看下列例句。
my friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
an interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
i was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主動變被動時,賓補成主補(位置不變);(作補語的)不定式前需加to。
the boss made him work all day long.
he was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短語動詞變被動語態時,勿要掉“尾巴”。
the children were taken good care of (by her).
your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情態動詞和be going to、be to、 be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態,只需將它們后面的動詞原形變為be +過去分詞。
⑤當句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態有兩種形式:(a)謂語動詞用被動語態,動詞不定式作主補。(b)用it作形式主語,真正的 主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如:
people say he is a smart boy.
it is said that he is a smart boy.
he is said to be a sma rt boy.
people know paper was made in china first.
it is known that paper was made in china first.