備戰2019屆高考英語(通用版)一輪復習專題01 定語從句
定語從句是對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是對前面抽象名詞的進一一步說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:
①he makes a promise that if he call get the job,he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany.他許諾如果他能獲得那份工作,他將努力為公司掙盡可能多的
錢。(that引導的同位語從句是對先行詞a promise的進一步解釋和說明)
②mike’s parents made a special promise to tom that surprisedtom.邁克的父母對湯姆許下了一個特別的諾言,這使得湯姆很驚奇。(that引導的定語從句是對先行詞promise的修飾和限制)
2.定語從句與強調句的區別
定語從句和強調句的判斷方法:若將句中的“it is/was…that/who”去掉,而句子不缺成分,結構完整,說明原句是強
調句。如:
it was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in jiangxi.在1998年,洪水毀壞了江西地區很多的房屋。(強調句)
(判斷方法:如果去掉it was和that,剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in jiangxi,句子結構完整,可判定原句為強調句)
3.定語從句與狀語從句的區別
定語從句在句子中作定語,修飾名詞、代詞或句子;并且,這個被修飾的名詞、代詞或句子稱為先行詞,通常放在定語從句之前。狀語從句在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞;通常不同的狀語從句有不同的連詞,位置較靈活,通常放在句首或句末,有時也放在句中。
以where為例來說明:
①let’s have a short meeting where we met last time.我們在上次見面的地方開個短會吧。(where we met last time是地點狀語從句,在句中作地點狀語,表示開會的地方)
②this is the place where we had a meeting last time.這就是我們上次開會的地方。(where we had a meeting last time是定語從句,在句中作定語修飾the place)
【高考鏈接】
1.(XX高考英語上海秋季卷,38)wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future.
a. on which b. by which c. to which d. from which
2.(XX高考英語重慶卷,28)in china, the number of cities is increasing _ ______ _development is recognized across the world.
a. where b. which c. whose d. that
【答案】c
【解析】考查定語從句。development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關系,所以選whose。句意是:在中國,城市的數量在增加,城市的發展被全世界意識到。
3.(XX高考英語浙江卷,3)the settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
a.whom b.which c.them d.those
【答案】a
【解析】本題考查定語從句引導詞。由many之后的逗號和選項特征,此處是主從句關系,排除c、d項。由于先行詞是“1,000 people”,表示人,故用whom。句意為:這里居住著將近1000人,他們中的許多人都背井離鄉去城市追求更好的生活。