備戰(zhàn)2019屆高考英語(通用版)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題01 定語從句
我仍然記得我成為大學(xué)生的那個時刻。
do you know the date when lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期嗎?
注:when時常可以省略,特別是在某些句型和某些時間狀語中。如:
each time he came,he did his best to help us.每次他來,都盡他所能幫我們。
2)where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。如:
this is the hotel where they are staying.這是他們住的旅館。
i forget the house where the smiths lived.我不記得史密斯先生住過的房子了。
注:where有時也可以省略。如:
this is the place (where)we met yesterday. 這是我們昨天見面的地方。
3)why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如:
that is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他為什么要離開的原因。
注:why時常也可以省略。如:
that is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。
4.使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):
1)這三個關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu):
when = on (in,at,during...)+which;
where = in (at,on...)+which;
why = for which.如:
i was in beijing on the day when (=on which)he arrived.
他到的時候,當(dāng)時我正在北京。
the office where (=in which)he works is on the third floor.
他工作的辦公室在三樓。
this is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.這是我們做這件事的主要原因。
2)當(dāng)先行詞是表時間的time,day等和表地點(diǎn)的place,house等時,一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu),如果缺少主語或賓語時,關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that,缺少時間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時,才能用when或where,試比較:
i’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我的家鄉(xiāng)被解放的那一天。
i’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記去年夏天我們共同度過的那段時光。
3)when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。
三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞若是表示人時,就只能用whom;關(guān)系代詞若是表示事物時,就只能用which。
1.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用which (指物)或whom 關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如:
he has found a good job for which he is qualified.
他找到了一份他能勝任的工作。
(qualify + 名詞+for意為“使……具有……資格”)
the man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.
你剛才與他談話的那個人明天主持那個會議。( talk to+名詞意為“與某人談話”)
he is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在與房東就那套公寓出租的月租金進(jìn)行磋商。(名詞+rent at+表示價格的詞意為“某物以某價格出租”)
2.當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句的末尾時,可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介詞的賓語,而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞往往省略。如: