高中英語形容詞和副詞(二)
高中英語形容詞和副詞
1.形容詞與副詞的比較級
大多數形容詞(性質形容詞)和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
1) 規則變化
單音節詞和少數雙音節詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構成比較級和最高級。
構成法
原級
比較級
最高級
一般單音節詞未尾加-er,-est
tall
taller
tallest
以不發音的e結尾的單音詞和少數以- le結尾的雙音節詞只加-r,-st
nice
nicer
nicest
以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節單音節詞,雙寫結尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est
big
bigger
biggest
"以輔音字母+y"結尾的雙音節詞,改y為i,再加-er,-est
busy
busier
busiest
少數以-er,-ow結尾的雙音節詞未尾加-er,-est
clever/narrow
cleverer/ narrower
cleverest/ narrowest
其他雙音節詞和多音節詞,在前面加more,most來構成比較級和最高級
important/ easily
more important/ more easily
most important/ most easily
2) 不規則變化
原級
比較級
最高級
good
better
best
well(健康的)
worse
worst
bad
ill(有病的)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
2.as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as
1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as。
例如:he cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。
2)當as… as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式:
as +形容詞+ a +單數名詞
as + many/much +名詞
例如:this is as good an example as the other is. 這個例子和另外一個一樣好。
i can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙,我也能。
3)用表示倍數的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面。
例如:this room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。
your room is the same size as mine. 你的房間和我的一樣大。
4)倍數+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍數+ the … + of。
例如:this bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。
= this bridge is three times the length of that one.
3. 比較級形容詞或副詞 + than 。
例如: you are taller than i. 你比我高。
they lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房間的那些燈比我房間里的亮。
注意:
1)要避免重復使用比較級。
(錯) he is more cleverer than his brother.
(對) he is more clever than his brother.
(對) he is clever than his brother.
2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。
(錯) china is larger than any country in asia.
(對) china is larger than any other countries in asia.
3)要注意對應句型,遵循前后一致的原則。
the population of shanghai is larger than that of beijing.
it is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4)要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用。