2019屆高考英語重點石成詞匯及語法解析5
注:用doing強調與sb/sth是主動關系且與謂語動詞是同時或一直進行的;用done強調與sb/sth是被動關系且業已完成;用adj.強調sb/sth的狀態。
三、課文長句難句剖析
1. in addition, he found two other deaths in another part of london that were linked to the broad street outbreak.
剖析:句中的that引導一個定語從句,修飾先行詞two other deaths;先行詞與定語從句之間被介詞短語in another part of london所分隔。
譯文:除此之外,他發現在倫敦的另一個地方有兩個與the broad street爆發的霍亂有關的死亡病例。
2. to prevent this from happening again, john snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
剖析:to prevent為表示目的的不定式短語;prevent…(from) doing sth 意為“阻止……做某事”,其中prevent可與stop, keep互換;suggest表示“建議”的,其賓語從句的謂語用“should +動詞原形”,句中的should被省略了。
譯文:為了防止這種情況的再次發生,john snow建議所有的水源都要經過檢測,而且要尋找處理污水的新方法。
四、語法知識歸納梳理——過去分詞的用法
1. 構成:done(規則動詞的過去分詞與過去式變化相同,都是在動詞原形后加ed, 如:print—printed—printed; follow—followed—followed; 不規則動詞的過去分詞需要記憶, 如:begin—began—begun;ea—tate—eaten)
2. 意義:完成、被動
(1)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示完成的狀態,不表被動意義,如:fallen leaves(落葉),fall為不及物動詞,此處只表示落葉的狀態;
(2)及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動和完成,如:polluted water(污水),pollute為及物動詞,water 和pollute之間是被動關系且動作業已完成。
3. 語法功用
在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。不能單獨作謂語。
(1)作定語:過去分詞如是單個詞語,則位于中心詞前;如是短語,則位于中心詞后,作后置定語。如:
many terrified people died in turmoil. 很多受驚的人死于荒亂之中。
真題:don’t use words, expressions, or phrases____ only to people with specific knowledge. (上海)
a being known b having been known c to be known d known
解析: words, expressions, phrases與know在邏輯上是被動關系,要用過去分詞短語作定語,故選d。
(2)作表語:用在系動詞后。如:
i am interested in reading english novels. 我對閱讀英國小說感興趣。
my teacher got annoyed when i was late for school again. 我上學又遲到,老師為此很惱怒。
(3)作賓語補足語:用在賓語后面。如:
i had my dress washed already. 我已經把衣服洗了。
注:能帶過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞還有:get, hear, see, make, keep, find等。如:
i found the door broken. 我發現門壞了。
真題:laws that punish parents for their children’s against the laws get parents_____. (重慶)