2019年高考英語難點37講--難點25 依賴語境的詞義猜測題

one of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog cer ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her car. “the explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “people programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. it was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings. but somehow the action got reversed(顛倒) in the programme.” about one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these“programme assembly failure.”
twenty per cent of all errors were “test failures”—primarily due to not verifying the progress of what a body was doing. a man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on—much to his surprise. a woman victim reported: “i got into the bath with my socks on.”
the commonest problem was information “storage failures”. people forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.
the research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.
questions:2.the word “verifying” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________.
a.improving          b.changing
c.checking          d.stopping
3.according to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to ________.
a.the destruction of information collecting system
b.the elimination of one’s total memory
c.the temporary loss of part of one’s memory
d.the separation of one’s action from consciousness
3.()one of the greatest killers in the western world is heart disease. the death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. today in britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (壓力) in their work.