2019年高考英語介詞語法專題
i、重點難點解析
介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。介詞不能獨立在句中做成份,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當一個成份,表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。介詞短語在句中可作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。
一 介詞從結(jié)構(gòu)上分類一覽表
介詞的分類
簡單
介詞 只有單獨一個詞的介詞
after, at, on, in, during, since, till等(時間介詞); across, over, through, past, near, to, above等(方位介詞);by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around...
復合
介詞 由兩個單一詞合成的介詞
into,inside,onto,outside,throughout,towards,upon,within,without…
短語
介詞 (1)形容詞,分詞或副詞+介詞
according to, away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to...
(2)連詞+介詞
as for,as to,because of…
(3)介詞+介詞(又稱雙重介詞)
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between...
(4)介詞+名詞+介詞
by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to……
(5)其他
(名詞十介詞)thanks to
由其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)用 (1)分詞 concerning(關(guān)于),considering(就……而論),including(包括),regarding(關(guān)于)
(2)形容詞
或副詞 like(像),near(接近).opposite(在……對面),unlike(不像),round(圍繞……),next( 和……鄰接)
(3)連詞 than,but(除……之外)
(4)名詞 despite(不顧;不管)
二 主要介詞區(qū)別
1.表示時間的at,in,on:
at表示片刻的時間,如:at 8 a.m. 常用詞組有:at dawn, at noon,at night,at midnight,at the end of,at that time, at christmas,at new year等。
in表示一段的時間,如:in the morning/afternoon/evening,in october,in 1998,in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future等。
on指特定的日子,時間:on monday,on christmas eve, on may day,on a warm morning, on september 12, on that day等。
2.表示時間的since和from:
since “自從…以來”,常與現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時連用。
from “自…起”,一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用。如:i hope to do morning exercises from today./we have not seen each other since 1995.
3.表示時間的in和after:
in+時間段,一般用于將來時。如:we' ii be back in three days.
after+時間段,一般用于過去時。如: after two months he returned.
注意:after+時間點,可用于過去時和將來時。如:after seven the rain began to fall. / what shall we do after graduation?
4.表示方位的in,on,to:
in表示 “在…內(nèi)”, beijing is in the north of china.