高考英語第二輪專題復習直接引語轉換為間接引語的關鍵――時態
直接引語轉換為間接引語的關鍵――時態
在我們平時的考試中對直接引語的考查主要體現在對時態、語態、交際等各種具體語法項目的考察上，并已形成了在具體的語境和交際中綜合考查語法基本知識的模式。一般來講,說話人講的內容可以用兩種方式來引用，即直接引語和間接引語。前者是直接引用別人的原話;后者是轉述別人的話。如：he said，"i am very happy."為直接引語。而he said that he was very happy.為間接引語。said稱為引話動詞，它前面的主語he稱為第一主語。引語中的主語，如i及he，稱為第二主語。引語中的謂語動詞稱為第二動詞。當直接引語轉換為間接引語時，可能會涉及到動詞、時態、人稱、句型等的變化，現在就時態在轉換中需要注意的問題向大家做一介紹。
直接引語在改為間接引語時，時態需要做相應的變化。一般規律是：現在時改為過去時；過去時改為完成時；過去完成時不變。如：
she said, "i had been here for three days before i met jim." →she said she had been there for three days before she met jim.
she said, "we agree with each other." →she said they agreed with each other.
但更要注意在以下幾種情況下，直接引語變為間接引語時，時態一般不變化。
1）若直接引語為一般現在時，且表示反復出現或經常性、習慣性的動作時。如：
tom said, “ i have lunch at school every day.”
→tom said that he has lunch at school every day.
2）直接引語中有具體的表示過去時間的年、月、日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。如：
i said, "i was born on december 2l, 1960." →
i said i was born on december 21, 1960.
3）若直接引語所表述的事在目前和說話時同樣有效時。如：
she said, “i like playing football.”
→she said that she likes playing football.
4）若直接引語表述的是客觀事實、科學真理和格言時。如：
the old man said, “there are twelve months a year.”
→the old man said that there are twelve months a year.
5）若主句的時態是一般現在時、現在完成式、現在進行時或一般將來時時。如：
he often says, “i will never forget you.” →he often says he will never forget me.
he will say, “i have done my best.”→ he will say that he has done his best.
6）若直接引語是過去完成時。如：
the girl said to her mother, “i had finished my homework before supper.”
→the girl told her mother that she had finished her homework before supper.
7）若在當天轉述別人的話，且直接引語中含有明確的表示過去的時間狀語時。如：
lily said to me, “i was late for class yesterday.”
→lily told me that she was late for class yesterday.
8）若直接引語中含有when, since, while等引導的表示過去的時間狀語從句,變間接引語時,從句時態不變。如：
she said, “i went there when i was six years old.”
→ she said she had gone there when she was six years old.
9）若對剛說過的話馬上轉述時。如：