短文改錯(cuò)專題復(fù)習(xí)
[復(fù)習(xí)講義]
英語復(fù)習(xí)短文改錯(cuò)專題
nmet短文改錯(cuò)的解題基本思路應(yīng)該是:一.以句為單位,找行中錯(cuò)誤,每行必有一個(gè)判斷(錯(cuò)詞、多詞、少詞和正確),而判斷的依據(jù)一定是上下文,最小單位是一個(gè)完整的句子。二.以篇為單位,找句中錯(cuò)誤。許多時(shí)候,就某一行或某一句單獨(dú)而言常常難以判斷其是否正確,錯(cuò)誤何在,而必須以全篇為一整體才可對(duì)該句,進(jìn)而對(duì)該行作出判斷。
具體解題過程中,應(yīng)該注意把握九個(gè)一致問題:
一.時(shí)態(tài)一致 短文中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文,特定語言環(huán)境及該句的時(shí)間狀語是否保持了呼應(yīng)與一致。
例1. my favorite sport is football. i was a member of our football team. (nmet’98)全文都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),此句中was 雖然與上下問不一致,應(yīng)改為am。
例2. i remembered her words and calm down.( nmet’ )
此處為一描述過去事件的語境,應(yīng)與前文remembered 保持一致,須改為calmed。
例3. today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (nmet’ 93)第一個(gè)is 與時(shí)間狀語today保持一致,地第二個(gè)is則應(yīng)改為was, 使之與其時(shí)間狀語in the past 一致。
二.主謂一致 謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上是否與主語保持一致。
例4.now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
(nmet’) 主語為a and b時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般為復(fù)數(shù),應(yīng)改為are。
例5.the new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class after a few games.(nmet’93)主語為a or b時(shí),應(yīng)由靠近謂語的主語來決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù),become應(yīng)改為becomes .
例6.play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong… (nmet’98) 此處與例4,例5不同,謂語動(dòng)詞makes與上下文保持一致,為正確的用法,而play須改playing 才可與此處其它部分一致。
三.平行一致
not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…以及and, but, or 等并列連詞或詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中,詞性時(shí)態(tài)等形式須保持前后一致。
例7.playing football not only makes… but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.( nmet’98)依據(jù)平行一致原則,此處give應(yīng)與前文 makes保持一致,改為gives.
例8.it was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (nmet’96) 此句中的drove應(yīng)與前文to meet 保持平行,故改為drive。
四.數(shù)的一致 名詞的數(shù)須與其修飾語保持一致
例9.we study quite a few subject, such as maths,
chinese…(nmet’97) quite a few只修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,保持一致,subject 應(yīng)改為subjects.
例10.they … asked me lots of question.(nmet’96)與lots of 保持一致的只能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)改為questions.
五.主飾一致 句中的主要詞(中心詞)應(yīng)與其修飾詞間保持一致。