2019屆高考英語語法定語從句要點專題精講
定語從句是對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是對前面抽象名詞的進一一步說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:
①he makes a promise that if he call get the job,he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany.他許諾如果他能獲得那份工作,他將努力為公司掙盡可能多的
錢。(that引導的同位語從句是對先行詞a promise的進一步解釋和說明)
②mike’s parents made a special promise to tom that surprisedtom.邁克的父母對湯姆許下了一個特別的諾言,這使得湯姆很驚奇。(that引導的定語從句是對先行詞promise的修飾和限制)
2.定語從句與強調句的區別
定語從句和強調句的判斷方法:若將句中的“it is/was…that/who”去掉,而句子不缺成分,結構完整,說明原句是強
調句。如:
it was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in jiangxi.在1998年,洪水毀壞了江西地區很多的房屋。(強調句)
(判斷方法:如果去掉it was和that,剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in jiangxi,句子結構完整,可判定原句為強調句)
3.定語從句與狀語從句的區別
定語從句在句子中作定語,修飾名詞、代詞或句子;并且,這個被修飾的名詞、代詞或句子稱為先行詞,通常放在定語從句之前。狀語從句在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞;通常不同的狀語從句有不同的連詞,位置較靈活,通常放在句首或句末,有時也放在句中。
以where為例來說明:
①let’s have a short meeting where we met last time.我們在上次見面的地方開個短會吧。(where we met last time是地點狀語從句,在句中作地點狀語,表示開會的地方)
②this is the place where we had a meeting last time.這就是我們上次開會的地方。(where we had a meeting last time是定語從句,在句中作定語修飾the place)
【試題放送】
【山東卷】23. maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
a. them b. that
c. which d. what
【答案】
【解析】此處先行詞是two novels,后面是一個非限制性定語從句且介詞前置,因此用both of which引導。句意:maria寫了兩部小說,兩部都被拍成了電視劇。
【考點】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。
【福建卷】23. the air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
a. that b. it c. as d. what
【考點】本題考查定語從句的引導詞
【答案】c
【解析】本句難點是把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了,把句子轉換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語從句引導詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話用as引導“正如在 所寫的那樣”。
【安徽卷】29. alot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.