2019屆高考英語語法定語從句要點專題精講
that is the pencil which i lost yesterday.
那就是我昨天丟失的鉛筆。(which引導限定性定語從句,在從句中作賓語,which可以省略)5)由whose引導的定語從句
關系代詞whose是who的所有格,在從句中作定語,既可指人,又可指物。如:
this is the boy whose parents died last year. 這是那個父母去年去世的男孩。 (whose作定語,指人)
注:“whose+名詞中心詞”這一結構在定語從句中既能作主語,又能作賓語。whose 的先行詞常用來指人,但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念,這時可以與of which 結構互換,詞序是:“名詞+of which”。如:
they came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他們來到后墻已經倒塌的一個房子。
he’s written a book the name of which i’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)他寫了本書,書的名字我徹底忘了。
2.使用關系代詞引導定語從句時應注意的幾點
1)當先行詞指人時,許多情況下既可以用that也可以用who,但在下列情況下,宜用who而不用that。
先行詞是one,ones,anyone時,宜用who。如:
anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
任何觸犯法律的人都應該受到懲罰。
先行詞為those時,宜用who。如:
those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看電影的人在這兒簽名。
一個句子帶有兩個定語從句時,其中一個定語從句的關系代詞用that,另一個用who。
the boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.
昨天早上你在校門口遇到的那個男孩是我們班學習很用功的班長。
2)當先行詞指物時,許多情況下,既可以用關系代詞which,也可用關系代詞that,但在下列情況中,只能用關系代詞that,而不用which。
在there+be 的句型中,句子的主語是先行詞,而且又是物。如:
there are two novels that i want to read.我要讀的有兩本小說。
there is no work that can be done now. 沒有什么工作現在能做的了。
當先行詞為主句的表語或者關系代詞為從句的表語時。如:
this is the book that was bought yesterday.這就是昨天買的書。
our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我們的學校不再是以前的學校了。
以here is (are)開頭的句子時。如:
here is a film that will move anyone.這是一部將使任何人受感動的電影。
here are two books that i will buy.這是我要買的兩本書。
it is (high)time+定語從句中。如:
it is time that we should have a rest.我們應該休息了。
it is high time that they started out.他們該動身了。
當先行詞是way等詞時,關系代詞用that或者in which在定語從句中作方式狀語時,在口語中,常可省略。如:
this is the way that my father did this work.這就是我父親做此工作的方式。
she admired the way in which i answered the questions.她羨慕我回答問題的方式。
在雙重限定性定語從句中,如果一個從句用who或者which引導時,那么另一個從句用that引導。如:
he is the student that i have ever see who can jump highest.