Public transport

   a. date           b. shape     c. order             d. balance
答案：b
11. the brochure you have just read refers to the development of the london underground that started in 1854. (p51)
refer to  phrasal verb: 1) he always refers to the house as his "refuge".
2) if writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing:
the new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.
12. i bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times. (p53)
discount  n. [c]   they usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.
v. [t]   you shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back.
at a discount 打折
自我檢測
they sell the sweater _______ a discount of 30 percent.
a. on        b. for          c. at           d. with
答案：c
五.完成句子
1. 兩家機構為了幫助貧窮兒童聯合舉辦了一場慈善活動。）
the two organizations ______ _____ to hold a charity event for the poor children.
2. 這些新的挖掘方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發展步伐。（accelerate the pace of）
these new ways of digging ___ ___ ___ ___the london underground’s development.
3. 一般說來，人們喜歡買各種各樣的減價商品。（discount）
_________ _____ , people like to buy all kinds of things _____  ____  ________.
4. 因缺乏交流而引發的家庭問題越來越多。（arise from）
there are more and more family problems ______ ______ ______ _____ ______communication
5. 由于不知道坐哪路車，她向我們求助。（not knowing）
not knowing which bus to take, she ______ ________ ______ _________ _________.
六.語法應用
非謂語動詞     v-ing形式作定語
1. 單個的v-ing形式可以作前置定語，表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經常性動作或當時的狀態。
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary  看起來很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody   困擾人的問題
2. 作定語的v-ing形式如是一個短語，則應放在被修飾詞的后面。
the bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.
裝著醋的那個瓶子應送到實驗室去
they lived in a house facing south.    他們住在一所朝南的房子里。
3.  某些情況下，定語不能用v-ing形式，必須用定語從句。
① 作定語的動詞-ing形式表示的動作要與主句謂語的動作同時發生，如兩者不能同時發生的話，則需使用定語從句。