Public transport

4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.   =if you work hard at your lessons...
5 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 　　
knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= although they knew all this...
6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 　　
he lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
 v-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。但其動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)一致。
1 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.
(= after he was completely examined...)
有時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ed形式前可加連詞when, while等來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。
once recovered, he went all out to do his work.
一恢復(fù)健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。
once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.
一旦給這鐘上了發(fā)條，它就會(huì)走半個(gè)月，并且走得很準(zhǔn)。
2 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying.
 (= since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)
3 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.　
(= if she was compared with other professors...)
4 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
(= although they were exhausted by the running ...)
為了使-ed形式表示的條件、動(dòng)詞讓步意義更加明顯，我們可以加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。
even if invited, i won't go. 即使受到邀請(qǐng)，我也不去。
though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.
5 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)，通常位于句子的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。
the teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.  (= and he was surrounded …)
七.翻譯句子
1.當(dāng)我第一次從事這個(gè)工程的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)信息令人困惑，因我不知道如何組織他。
2.對(duì)于你推遲拜訪，我感到非常的失望，但是我還是希望早點(diǎn)見到你。
3.因?yàn)橄萑虢煌▎栴}，他上班遲到了。
4.每種方法都 被試過(guò)了，但是不起作用。
5.在法國(guó)出差的時(shí)候，他學(xué)會(huì)了法語(yǔ)。
6.風(fēng)暴沖走了道路兩旁的土壤，而且道路的一部分正在維修中。
7.在過(guò)去的幾年中，道路事故的數(shù)量和由事故所導(dǎo)致的死亡數(shù)字快速增長(zhǎng)。
8.我們必須意識(shí)到交通事故潛在的原因和采取行動(dòng)取預(yù)防它。
9.當(dāng)心不要陷入泥漿中。
10.醫(yī)生被控告違反專業(yè)倫理。
參考答案
一.單詞應(yīng)用
1. transport    2. steam    3. over    4. underground    5. boundary   6. choke