Public transport

昨天來的教授將要給我們作一個講座。
【誤】the professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】the professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.
② v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作狀語，不作定語。
被地震毀壞的廟宇很快就要重建了。
【誤】the temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】the temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
v-ed形式作定語
1. 單個動詞-ed形式作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，作前置定語。
a watched pot never boils.   心急鍋不開。
when we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.
我們到達的時候，每人被發給了一份印制好的試卷。
提示：  如要表示強調，單個動詞-ed形式也可作后置定語。
money spent is more than money earned.  入不敷出。
2. 帶有修飾語或其他成分的v-ed形式一般都作后置定語，在語法上相當于一個定語從句。  被邀請到招待會上的貴賓有一半都是外國大使。
the meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千名學生出席了。
a woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge.
一個律師裝扮的女人走了進來，并作為法官就座。
v-ing 和v-ed形式作定語的區別
1.及物動詞的-ing形式作定語表示與被修飾名詞是主動關系，及物動詞的-ed 形式表示與被修飾名詞是被動關系。
the group called green hand is trying to help the environment.
2.不及物動詞-ing形式表示動詞正在進行，而v-ed形式表示動作已完成。
the rising sun 正在升起的太陽  the risen sun 升起了的太陽         
falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子  fallen leaves 落葉                 
不及物動詞－ed形式只表示完成的意義，并不帶有被動的含義。
an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped   逃犯
a retired worker = a worker who has retired    退休工人
a newly arrived guest = a guest who has just arrived   新來的客人
as adverbs
v-ing形式作狀語
動詞-ing形式可以作狀語，修飾動詞，其動作執行者與句子主語是主動一致。在句中表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動詞-ing形式作時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時多位于句首；作結果、伴隨情況狀語時常位于句末。
1 表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句。 　　
having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
(= after we have made full preparations...)
2 表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。
 being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.  (= since he was ill...)
3 表示結果，相當于一個并列謂語。 　　
his father died, leaving him a lot of money.   (= and left him a lot of money.)