英語語法----介詞Preposition（Prep.）
一、定義：用在n.（或相當于n.的其它詞類、短語或從句）之前，說明其與句子中另一成分的關系的詞，又稱前置詞。
二、分類：3種
1. 簡單介詞（simple prepositions）
e.g. about, above, behind, besides, down, during, in, near, round, since, towards, with
2. 復合介詞（compound prepositions）
e.g. from among, from behind, from under, inside, outside, within, without, into, onto, out of, upon, throughout
3. 短語介詞（phrasal prepositions）
e.g. according to, apart from（除……之外）, as a result of, as for/to（至于，關于）,
because of, due to（由于）, in addition to（除……之外，不但= besides, in front of,
in spite of(盡管), instead of, owing to（由于）
三、常見簡單介詞的基本用法
1.about 1)關于，有關 e.g.
i have not heard so much ~ him. i don’t know what you’re talking ~.
2）差不多，大約 e.g.
about 500 ss attended the lecture. about when will you go abroad?
3）表示地點：在周圍，在附近，各處，到處 e.g.
trees are planted ~ the lake.
they live somewhere~ the people’s square.
don’t leave your books~ your desk. i haven’t any small change ~/on me.
4）“即將”（近期將來）e.g.
the film is ~ to begin. it’s nearly 7:00. the train is ~ to leave.
2.above 1）在……上方 e.g.
a bird is flying above the woods. there is a portrait above the blackboard.
2）（在數量上）超過 e.g.
the man is not yet forty, but well ~thirty.
the number of new ss this year is ~four hundred.
3）（能力等）勝過，超越；因太困難、太好而不…… e.g.
the problem is ~ me. （這問題太難我不懂。）
john is ~ all the other ss in mathematics.
3.across 1）在……對面/對過 e.g.
my uncle lives ~ my home. there is a bookshop ~ the street.
2）橫越，橫過 e.g.
the little girl helped the blind man ~ the river.
the tall tree fell down ~ the street.
3）經過…… e.g.
the revolution developed across the whole century.