英語語法----介詞Preposition（Prep.）
i did nothing but watch tv last night.
i had nothing to do
如but前面有do或某種形式時, 常省略to。
2）用于固定詞組中。 e.g.
① cannot help but do不能不…；忍不住… ②anything but根本不，決不
② nothing but只有，只不過是… ④but for要不是
i could not help but cry. 我忍不住哭了出來。
my income is anything but large. 我的收入絕對不能算多。
she is anything but honest. 她決非誠實之輩。
this is nothing but a joke.
but for the doctor, i might have died long ago.
18.by 1)靠近，在……旁邊 e.g.
the new library stands by the river. there is a tall tree by the river.
he was standing by the window, reading.
2）由……旁邊經過，路過，沿著 e.g.
i go by his office every day. he passed by me without saying a word.
3）用……方法/手段 e.g.
by bike, train, bus, plane, air, water, sea
the little match girl earned her living by selling matches.
rice seedlings (稻秧)used to be planted by hand.
4）表示程度、尺寸、數量、時間 e.g.
he is paid by the hour. what’s the time by your watch?
in the 100-metre race, john beat dick by a shoulder.
5）到……時候，不遲于 e.g.
i’ll return the books to him by wednesday morning.
he’ll certainly come by 5 o’clock..
by the end of last week, we had learned 15 units.
6）依據，奉命 e.g.
never judge people by their appearance / what they wear.