英語語法----介詞Preposition（Prep.）
to one’s joy, delight, happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, disappointment, etc.
37.toward(s) 1）向（表示方向 = to） e.g.
he walked ~ the north. she sat with his back ~ the window.
2）對于，對待（=to） e.g.
don’t be cruel ~ animals. teachers should be strict ~ their ss.
3）（指時間、年齡）快到，接近 e.g.
it must be ~ four o’clock. his father is ~ 50.
towards evening, the wind started blowing hard.
38.under 1）在……下面（┳） e.g.
he stood under a tree. book under arm under the table
2）在……領導，指導，統治，控制之下 e.g.
under the correct leadership of the party, the life of the chinese people
is getting better and better.
they made a successful experiment ~ the guidance of their teacher.
3）（表示主語狀況、狀態(tài)）在修理、建造、治療中 e.g.
the house is ~ repair. another modern hotel is ~ construction.
he is ~ medical treatment. the new plan is ~ discussion.
4）不到（表示年齡、數量等） e.g.
the girl is under 10 years old.
in the year , a man named johnson from canada, ran a hundred
metres under ten seconds.
39.until 1）直到（ = till ） e.g.
the two friends talked ~ midnight.
xiao gang kept(on)writing his composition ~ 10 o’clock, forgetting his supper.
2）直到……才（用于否定句） e.g.
the rain did not stop ~ this morning.
the heavy fog did not disappear ~ after 9 o’clock when the sun came out.
40.up(與down反義) 1）向上 e.g.
seeing a large bear coming towards him, the man quickly climbed up a tree.
he went up the hill to see the famous church.
2） up down