Reference for Teaching
（2）run out短語不可用作被動語態(tài)，其主語一般是物。
his strenth ran out.
他的精力耗盡了。
my patience has completely run out.
我的耐力完全沒有了。
2.besides,except,apart from
(1)besides表示“除了……（還有）”（有“加”的作用）。
besides knowing some french,she was fluent in italian.
除了懂些法語，他的意大利語也很流利。
（2）except也是介詞，表示“除了……（都）”（有“減”的作用）。
we go there every day except sunday.
除了星期天，我們每天都去。
i like all musical instruments except the violin.
除了提琴我什么樂器都喜歡。
(3)apart from兼具besides和except兩者的意思。
apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.
除了花錢，它還需投入許多時間。
apart from that,all goes well.
除了這一點(diǎn)，一切都很順利。
在否定結(jié)構(gòu)后，這三個詞都可以用，意思差不多，但用apart from時更多：
he has nothing besides/except/apart from his salary.
除了薪水他別無所有。
apart from them,i had no one to talk to.
除了他們我沒有別人可以交談。
ⅳ.能力訓(xùn)練
1.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)it’s five o’clock now.by six my parents ________ (return) from their work.
(2)i________ (not know) you________ (be) so busy in the past few weeks.
(3)hardly ________ i ________ (get) into the room when it________ (start) to rain.
(4)up till 1905,there ________ (be) no railway in china.
(5)it________ (rain) for two hours and we have to wait until the rain stops.
(6)by the time tom (leave) school,he________ (learn) english and french.
(7)we________ (leave) for shanghai tomorrow.
答案：
(1)will have returned
(2)didn’t know;had been
(3)had;got;started
(4)had been
(5)has been raining
(6)left;had learnt
(7)are leaving
2.單句改錯
(1)these methods have been proved quite effective.
答案：去掉been。因?yàn)閜rove在這里是連系動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)，它的意思是“證明，結(jié)果是”。
(2)he is in the possession of the flat.
答案：去掉the。因?yàn)閕n the possession of后接人，意為“為某人所占有”，而in possession of才是“占有某物”的意思。
(3)my patience has completely been run out.
答案：去掉been。因?yàn)閞un out 短語不可用于被動語態(tài)，其主語一般是物，意為“用完”。
(4)he mistook me as my sister.
答案：將as改為for。因?yàn)椤癿istake sb. for...”是一個固定短語，意思是“把某人錯認(rèn)為……”。
(5)if it was to rain,the crops would be saved.
答案：將was 改為were。因?yàn)樵谔摂M條件句中，不論主語是第幾人稱，be動詞一律用“were”，不用“was”。
(6)her expression suggested that she should be angry.
答案：將should be改為was。因?yàn)樵谶@個句子里的suggest是“暗示，表明”的意思，所以不用虛擬語氣，如果suggest是“建議”的意思，后面接賓語從句時，則用虛擬語氣，即should do，其中should常可省略。