Unit one Friendship
unit one friendship
direct speech and indirect speech
(直接引語和間接引語)
一. 基本概念
i直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語
1)、直接引語為陳述句
2)、直接引語為祈使句
3)、直接引語為疑問句
4)、直接引語為感嘆句
ii
1、直接引語和間接引語都屬于賓語從句
2、直接引語和間接引語的概念
(1)直接引語:一字不改地引述別人的話
(2)間接引語:用說話人自己的話轉述別人的話
二.變換類型
1.直接引語為陳述句
直接引語為陳述句,用that引導(口語中可以省略)。引述動詞有:say, tell等。
陳述句變間接引語要注意:1、人稱的變化2、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化3、時態(tài)的變化4、人稱的變化 。
一般的規(guī)則:一隨主,二隨賓,三不變
例如:the teacher said, “john, you must bring your book to the class. ”
1> 第三者說:the teacher told john that he must bring his book to the class.
2> 別人對約翰說:the teacher said that you must bring your book to the class.
3> 約翰自己說:the teacher said that i must bring my book to the class.
i指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
1〉指示代詞的變化
this---- that these----those
2〉時間狀語的變化
now---- then ago---- before today----that day yesterday----the day before; the previous day tomorrow----the next day; the following day the day before yesterday----two days before the day after tomorrow----two days later next week/month, etc.---- the next week/month, etc. last week/month, etc.---- the week/month before
3〉地點狀語的變化
here----there
4〉動詞的變化
come----go
注:在當?shù)剞D述時,here不變?yōu)閠here,come不變?yōu)間o.
在當天轉述時,yesterday, tomorrow等時間狀語也不變。
ii 時態(tài)的變化(1)
1〉主句為現(xiàn)在或將來時態(tài)時,間接引語的時態(tài)不變。
e.g. a. he says, “i’m tired.”
he says he is tired.
b. he has said to me, “i’m tired.”