Unit one Friendship
歸納:
(5)在做單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí),除了考慮間接引語(yǔ)部分需用陳述詞序外,還應(yīng)考慮如何選擇正確的連接詞。用哪一個(gè)連接詞要取決于句子表達(dá)的意思以及間接引語(yǔ)部分所缺少的成分。
7.[1990] can you make sure _____the gold ring ?
a. where alice had put b. where had alice put
c. where alice has put d. where has alice put
題析:
這題的答案選c。第一點(diǎn)考慮的是間接引語(yǔ)部分需使用陳述詞序,故排除b和d。第二考慮的是時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。因?yàn)橹骶涫褂昧艘话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí),如果選擇a,使用過(guò)去完成時(shí),在這個(gè)句子并沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)間作參照點(diǎn),因此不能使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
歸納:
(6)間接引語(yǔ)部分的時(shí)態(tài)必須與主句的時(shí)態(tài)相協(xié)調(diào)。
(7)如果直接引語(yǔ)所在的句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài),改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
eg. he says “i didn’t go to school today.”
he says that he didn’t go to school that day .
(8)如果直接引語(yǔ)講述的是客觀真理現(xiàn)象,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不變。
eg. the teacher said ,“the earth is round .”
the teacher said that the earth is round .
(9)如果說(shuō)話時(shí)間與引述時(shí)間不同,即引述某人過(guò)去說(shuō)過(guò)的話,則動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要作相應(yīng)的變化,即動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一律向過(guò)去推移一步。
eg. a. 直接引語(yǔ):“it’s snowing.”
間接引語(yǔ):he told me that it was snowing.
b. 直接引語(yǔ):“i have studied english for ten years.”
間接引語(yǔ):he said that he had studied english for ten years.
c. 直接引語(yǔ):“i am looking forward to seeing tom.”
間接引語(yǔ): he told me he was looking forward to seeing tom.
d. 直接引語(yǔ):“we will miss the bus .”
間接引語(yǔ):she was afraid they would miss the bus .
(10)直接引語(yǔ)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。
eg. “i suggest that the meeting be put off till next week.” he said.
he suggested that the meeting be put off till the next week.
(11)當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)不必變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí),因?yàn)樵谶@種情況下,“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”已經(jīng)不言而明。