Unit4 Attitudes towards Our Elders-grammar學案

省略一 概述  省略是一種修辭,它的使用主要是為了避免重復,它不僅適用于書面語,而且在口語中更加明顯.1 概念 為了表達簡潔,或重點突出,常省去某個詞,短語,甚至句子.這種形式就叫省略.he said <that> he would pay a visit to the great wall the next week.he is only alive and <is> healthy.當在英語中也有許多的固定省略結構,這種省略其實是一種約定的歷史文化,我們不需將其補充完整,即使按照語法可以這樣做,也沒有必要.如:no pains, no gainsseeing is believingout of sight, out of mind2 省略的目的和遵循的原則省略有兩個目的1>語言簡潔,結構緊湊.i wonder when and where to hold the meeting<when=when to hold the meeting>---i'll give you a necklace as a birthday gift---really? but when? <when=when you will give it to me>2>重點突出,目標明確will you tell me by whom and for whom it was ordered ?<by whom=it was ordered by whom>---who will be sent to carry out the plan?---johnson它遵循的原則是不破壞結構或引起歧義they visiting and we will be visiting the heaven temple應改為 they are and we will be visiting the heaven temple二 省略句的應用<一>簡單句中的省略1 主語的省略1>第一人稱省略<i> hope to see you again2>第二人稱在祈使句中的省略go and see who it isdon't open the widow, or you may catch a cold3>第三人稱的省略<she> doesn't look well<it is a>pity he won't help2 動詞的省略1>助動詞省略,多在口語中hi,tom, where you going?2>主動詞省略.mary doesn't speak french, but jim does.tom can speak english, and so can lucy.---jim has passed the exam---so he has and so have you3>系動詞省略<are >you hungry?4>there be 句型的省略<there> ought to be nobody in the classroom<is there>anything i can do for you?5>在獨立主格結構中being ;having been 的省略,一般只適用于其后是介詞或短語,如果是名詞不省略the meeting <being>over, they went homebook <being> in hand, he entered the room.it being sunday, we did't go to school.6>不定式 to 后動詞的省略。這類動詞有expect,like ,wish,hope,prefer;love;intend,mean,refuse等----would you like to attend the party?----i'd like to另外，在have to;need to 'ought to;be going to;used to后也省略主動詞i don't like to stay up late,but i used toi don't want to meet the man,but i had to<二>從句中的省略1 定語從句中的省略1>作賓語的關系代詞which;that;whom的省略do you know the girl <whom> i talked to just now?have you seen the bike<which/that>i bought from tom?如果定語從句中的動詞后的介詞，放到關系代詞前，那么關系代詞不能省略。