新目標九年同步講解與測試
(四)語法內容：被動語態
1. 被動語態的定義:
“語態”表示主語和謂語動詞之間的關系。英語中有“兩態”的說法，即主動語態和被動語態，本單元中反復出現的should be allowed 就是一個含有情態動詞(should)的被動語態。
先看幾個基本概念:
主語是動作的發出者為主動語態
主語是動作的接受者為被動語態
只有及物動詞才有被動語態。
2. 被動語態的構成
(1)請大家看圖
the office is cleaned every day .
the office was cleaned yesterday.
compare active and passive：
動作的接受者the office成了句子的主語，就應該用被動語態。從上面的例句我們可以總結：
一般現在時的被動語態為：主＋am / is / are (not)＋過去分詞
一般過去時的被動語態為：主＋was / were ＋過去分詞
如：butter is made from milk.
this house was built 100 years ago.
以前我們學過的was / were born 生于，就是一個被動語態:
－when were you born ? －i was born in 1989.(born是bear的過去分詞)
如果要特別強調動作或行為的執行者，句子后面需接by …，譯為“被(由)…”
如：we were woken up by a loud noise. 我們被嘈雜的聲音吵醒。
(2)請看圖
從上面例子，我們可以看出：
現在進行時被動語態的構成為：主語＋is / am / are + being ＋過去分詞
再如：my car is being repaired now.
some new houses are being built near the park. 公園附近在建一些房子。
(3)請看圖
before now
從上面例子，我們可以看出
現在完成時被動語態的構成為： 主語＋have / has ＋been ＋過去分詞
如：my key has been stolen. my keys have been stolen.
i am not going to the party, i haven’t been invited.
含有情態動詞的被動語態：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞
a note had better be left to him.
teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes
這里我們列舉了幾個主要時態，那么其它時態呢？
一般將來時 主語＋will ＋be ＋過去分詞
過去將來時 主語＋would / should + be ＋過去分詞
過去進行時 主語＋was / were + being ＋過去分詞
過去完成時 主語＋had + been +過去分詞