語法難點(diǎn)精析之被分隔的定語從句】
b.用wish表示對(duì)將來的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：would, could, might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。
c.wish用于對(duì)過去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞或could, would + have +動(dòng)詞過去分詞。
the picture exhibition bored me to death; i wish i had not gone to it.
---“i let joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“that’s all right, but i wish he would buy one of his own.”
i wish that he weren’t so lazy.
(2)had hoped引起的賓語從句中備用語動(dòng)詞形式為would+動(dòng)詞原形，表示一種過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或令人失望的事。
his father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的從句中要求用過去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)淼那闆r，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。例如：
i’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。
i would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那兒可得太久。
i would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
（4）it’s (high, about) time that 句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語氣形式，即動(dòng)詞要用過去式。
it’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
it is high time that we put an end to this discussion.現(xiàn)在是我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束講座的時(shí)候了。
（5）as, 或者whether…or…謂語多用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，這種用法通常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：
church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they christian, islamivc, buddhist, jewish, and so on.
the business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
（6）由連接詞in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬形式，即should(might, would)+動(dòng)詞原形，例如：
she put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那個(gè)嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。
the bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
(7) if it were not for…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反， if it had not been for與過去事實(shí)相反，兩個(gè)都相當(dāng)于but for：
if it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
(8) 虛擬語氣用于as if（though）引起的方式狀語從句和表語從句中，其動(dòng)詞形式與wish賓語從句的形式相同。例如：she often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常發(fā)出發(fā)自內(nèi)心的微笑，而且她那美好的情緒像天上一道明亮的陽光一樣，常常流露出來。
they talked as if they had been friends for years.他們交談著，就好像他們是我年的老朋友一樣。