2016年中考英語語法名詞考點知識復(fù)習(xí)
8. 單復(fù)同形的名詞有：fish, sheep,deer …
9. 單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。名詞還有格的變化，其主格可作主語，賓格可作賓語。還有所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加's其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s'，如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加's，如：a student's room, students' rooms, children's day.在表示時間、距離、世界、國家……名詞的所有格要用's，如：a twenty minutes' walk.但無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，如：the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers
(二) 正誤辨析
［誤］please give me a paper.
［正］please give me a piece of paper.
［析］不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞，這種原因是對英語中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯誤，因paper在英語中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類，是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時，要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來表達(dá)，如：two pieces of paper.
［誤 ］please give me two letter papers.
［正］please give me two pieces of letter paper.
［析］paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞，而作為報紙、考卷、文章講時則是可數(shù)名詞，如：each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.
［誤］m y glasses is broken.
［正］my glasses are broken.
［誤］i want to buy two shoes.
［正］i want to buy two pairs of shoes.
［析］英語中g(shù)lasses—眼鏡，shoes—鞋，trousers—褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a pair of glasses而這時的謂語動詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如：this pair of glasses is very good.
［誤］may i borrow two radioes?
［正］may i borrow two radios?
［析］以o結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果o前面是一個元音字母或外來語時則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.
［誤］this is a mary's dictionary.
［正］this is mary's dictionary.
［析］如名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these those,及其他修飾詞our,some, every, which, 或所有格時，則不要再加冠詞。
［誤］there are much pe ople in the garden.
［正］there are many people in the garden.
［析］可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many, few, a few, a lot of 來修飾，而people是可數(shù)名詞，而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：the people are planting trees here.
［誤］i want a few water.
［正］i w ant a little water.
［析］不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some來修飾，但不可用many,few來修飾。
［誤］thank you very much. your family is very kind to me.
［正］thank you very much. your family are very kind to me.
［誤］tom's and mary's family are waiting for us.
［正］tom's and mary's families are waiting for us.
［誤］i'm sorry. i have to go. tom's families are waiting for me.
［正］i'm sorry. i have to go. tom's family are waiting for me.
［析］集合名詞如果指某個集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單數(shù)，如指某個集合體中的個體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:my family is a big family. when i came in, tom's family were watching tv. 即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：family class, team等。