2016年中考英語語法名詞考點知識復習

［誤］we have five german in this meeting.
［正］we have five germans in this meeting.
［析］英國人englishman的復數形式為englishmen，而german 則要加s，因為 它不是由國名與man的組合詞。
［誤］there are two as in this word.
［正］there are two a's in this word.
［析］在大寫字母縮寫形式的復數表達法中應加s，但如字母是a、i時，為了防止與as和is相混，則要用's即a's，i's
［誤］there are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.
［正］there are three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number.
［析］在小寫字母與數字的復數形式表達法中要用's
［誤］we have many woman teachers in our school.
［正］we have many women teachers in our school.
［析］一般組合名詞變為復數形式時只將詞中心詞變為復數如：��
half brother—half brothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughter in law—daughtersin law,(兒媳)但要注意的是：man driver—men drivers(男司機) woman doctor—women doctors (女大夫)grown up—grown ups(成年人) 但是boy student—則變為boy students
［誤］physics are very difficult to learn.
［正］physics is very difficult to learn.
［析］雖以s結尾但只能用作單數名詞有：科學，學科名字：physics. mathematics politics游戲名稱：bowls 專有名稱：niagara falls(尼亞加拉瀑布)  其他名詞：news(消息，新聞)
［誤］there is a people in the room.
［正］there is a person in the room.
［正］there is a man in the room.
［析］people是復數名詞，不可用作單數，如要用來講一個人時應用a person, a man, a woman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個警察時則要用a policeman, a policewoman。
［誤］where is my shoe?
［正］where are my shoes?
［析］常常只用作復數形式的詞有trousers, pants, shorts(短褲)，socks(襪子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個則要指明，這時還是應用單數形式。如：where's my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)
［誤］i paid five pennies for the sweet.
［正］i paid five pence for the sweet.
［析］英語中便士有兩個復數形式pence用來表達一定數量的錢。而pennies是指一個個的硬幣，如：i want to change this note for pennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個的硬幣)。
［誤］there are many fruit in the shop.
［正］there are many fruits in the shop.[
［析］物質名詞為不可數名詞，但是用來表示種類時則可以用作可數名詞，這里應譯為各種各樣的水果。��
［誤］there is a new car. it is jone's and mary's.
［正］there is a new car. it is jone and mary's.
［析］有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數名詞則加's如：mary's car.如果是以s結尾的復數名詞則只在s后面加’如：teachers' offices.如果是復數名詞但不是以s結尾，則只加’s，如：children's palace 組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個詞尾加's如：girl friend —girl fr iend's someone else—someone else's a week or three—a week or three's如名詞后有同位語時，則應加在同位語的詞尾上，如：it is my girl friend, mary's car.要注意的是當兩個名詞并列時，如表示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個名詞后面加's，如果表示分別所有則在兩個名詞后分別加's，如：this is mary and jone's home.即mary與jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而these are mary's and jone's homes.則應譯為這里是mary的家與jone 的家。