2017屆中考英語名詞語法復(fù)習(xí)
［誤］don't eat too much meats.
［正］don't eat too much meat.
［誤］food in that restaurant is very good.
［正］the food in that restaurant is very good.
［析］物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加s，即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時可以加定冠詞。如：i don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.
［誤］please give me two waters.
［正］please give me two glasses of water.
［正］please give me two coffees.
［析］物質(zhì)名詞如要加計量時，一定要加量詞，如：two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,
a piece of bread,a box of sugar,
a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,
a bag of earth
例： i'll tell you a piece of good news.
但只有coffee可以用coffees來取代many cups of coffee.
［誤］can you give me the newspaper of today?
［正］can you give me today's newspaper?
［析］加's構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如：mary's hair，但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對時間、距離等名詞的所有格多用's來構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a five minutes' walk.
［誤］please make a room for the lady in the school bus.
［正］please make room for the lady in the school bus.
［析］英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，
如： room為可數(shù)名詞時為“房間”，如：i live in room 5.而room為抽象名詞時為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請給老婦人在校車上留個地方。”這樣的詞還有：glass 玻璃glasses 眼鏡stone 石頭a stone 一塊石頭time 時間two times 兩次wood 木頭woods 樹林
［誤］there is a flowers garden behind my house.
［正］there is a flower garden behind my house.
［析］名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外，還可以用來修飾另一個名詞，這時作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式，如：shoe factory (鞋廠),post office(郵局),evening paper (晚報),night school (夜校),head master (校長),a law school (法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外，如:a goods train(貨車),sports meeting (運動會)。
［誤］my mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.
［正］my mother bought two fish for supper this morning.
［析］英語中有些名詞單復(fù)同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, chinese (中國人), means (方法)。所以應(yīng)講one fish, two fish, one chinese, two chinese. 如果講there are five fishes in the pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚。
［誤］mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.
［正］mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.
［析］英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： thanks, greens， 而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes 為衣服，而cloth則是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙灘。
［誤］i offered my son my congratulation on his success.
［正］i offered my son my congratulations on his success.
［析］英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake hands.