中考英語語法精講例析 數詞
中考英語語法精講例析 數詞
(一) 知識概要
數詞用來表示人或物的數目多少和順序。所以數詞主要有兩種:基數詞,用于計數,如:one, two…而序數詞用于表示位置先后或次序,臺:first second…其構成法如下:
阿拉伯數字 基數詞 序數詞 簡寫序數詞
1 one first 1st
2 two second 2nd
3 three third 3rd
4 four fourth 4th
5 five fifth 5th
6 six sixth 6th
7 seven seventh 7th
8 eight eighth 8th
9 nine ninth 9th
10 ten tenth 10th
11 eleven eleventh 11th
12 twelve twelfth 12th
13 thirteen thirteenth 13th
14 fourteen fourteenth 14th
15 fifteen fifteenth 15th
16 sixteen sixteenth 16th
17 seventeen seventeenth 17th
18 eighteen eighteenth 18yh
19 nineteen nineteenth 19th
20 twenty twentieth 20th
21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st
30 thirty thirtieth 30th
40 forty fortieth 40th
50 fifty fiftieth 50th
60 sixty sixtieth 60th
70 seventy seventieth 70th
80 eighty eightieth 80th
90 ninety ninetieth 90th
100 a(one)hundred hundredth 100th
104 one hundred and four hundred and fourth 104th
1000 a(one) thounsand thounsandth 1000th
10000 ten thounsand ten thounsandth 10000th
1000000 one million millionth 1000000th
基數詞與序數詞都有一定的構成方法,但都有特殊例外的幾個字,所以除了要學會一般構成法之外,還要特別記熟一些例外。因它們在考試中出現的頻率很高。
1 基數詞構成結構
21~99的兩位數字,在10位和個位之間加連字符構成,如89-eighty-nine.101~999的三位數字,由hundred 加and 再加二位數或未位數字,如: 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上數字,應從個位起向前數三位加逗號,讀作thousand,再數三位加第二個逗號,讀作million,再數三位加逗號,讀作billion,其讀法如下:
1001-one thousand and one5386-five thousand, three hundred and eighty-six要注意的是hundred, thousand, million與billion的用法。①前面有別的基數詞時,即若干個百、千、百萬、十億時,其本身都不要加s,如:three hundred students。 ② 若表示成百,成千或數百,數千時,前面不能有基數詞,但其本身要用復數形式,然后+of+名詞復數。如:thousands and thousands of。 (成千上萬)
2 序數詞的構成法
序數詞除first, second, third 以外,其余一般在詞尾加th構成,除一般略有差異的各別數詞外,很容易掌握。其二位數或多位數只將后面的個位數字改為序數詞,其前面各位數字均不改變,都用基數詞。
3 其他數字表示法
小數的小數點讀作point,零讀作o[u]或zero,小數點后面的數字按個位基數詞依次讀出。分數分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,當分子大于1時,分數要在序數詞上加s,但1/2用one half, 1 4 用a quarter. 1 3 讀作one third而 2 3 讀作two thirds。百分數(%),讀作per cent (percent),但不論是多少均用作單數形式不能加s。表示日期有兩種說法和四種寫法,如:2月1號英語表達法為:the first of february而美語為february (the) first,但其書寫上可有四種寫法① february 1 ② february 1st ③ 1st february ④ 1/2。倍數的講法有所不同。兩倍用twice,而三倍以上用序數詞加times,如:he has three times as many books as i have.